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!i|C':.rn|jtiiino anil jtlluotratiuiio of itxatif Icjiidniitcra.

ARTHOR GARDINER BUTLER, E.L.S,, k

1869 1874

y^'w', LiD-il. htt-it iititdi iiK ijliiil throHijh thy ivork : I vnll triumph in the ivork.i of Ihi/ hinida."

Il^-j^' II.. 4.

-^Sii^-

K. W . .1 ANSON, -1 s. M IS !•: I" M S T K i: L T , W. C.

MIiCi.CLXXlV.

-^AlHSU^X^

»*'/-,

P i; K FA (' K.

W'liKN 1 coiiiinciiccd tilt" present Work in l^Ol), I did so midcr the ini|ir('ssiiiii tii;it Jjepidopterists i^'enerally \vonhl be as iirateful 1o me, for the time and ial)()nr w Incli I devoted to it, as I have always felt to those who have assisted in acenrately delineatini^ these heantiful insects whieli all admire : from May 1S()5 (when 1 first beu:an to publish deseri])tions and illustrations of Exotie Lepido])tera), to July 1873, I had added 708 'j;ood species to those previously known to Science, of these 57 Avere described lor the first time in " Lepidoptera i]xotica"; 1 had i^'ivcn representations of ()7(5 s])ecies, illustrated by 8-") I figures. 2'M) of wliicli spi'cies, illustrated l)y ;>-")S li'^'ures, had appeared in the prrsciit Work: notwithstandini^ this, so far from receiviuii^ the "blessings" to Avhicli .1 have referred in my " Advertisement, " I have met with the greatest discour- aucment ; in fact, excepting from the Presidents of the Entomological Society, my kind friend Mr. Druce, my self-sacrificing publisher Mr. Janson, and a ( lioMii few at home and abroad, my evening labours through eight weary years have elicited reproaches rather than thanks; and this AVork, instead of rrceiving fair supi)ort from Lepidopterists, has been a burden both to Mr. •lanson and myself.

Having then given a sufficient reason why " Lepidoptera Exotica" sliould terminate with the first volum<>, I will now proceed to give a further explana- tion of the motives which have induced me to abandon my former Avell-meant l)ut rash determination to figure all the Lepidoptera w hich I described : — In the first place, I lound that, as I advanced in the study of the Order, I was enabled by degrees to comprehend more easily, without the aid of illustrations, tile descriptions of others; and I began to see that figiu-cs were not such an al)s()lute necessity as I once imagined them to be: in the second place, I found that so many Collections which arrived in this country teemed with novelties, that either many beautiful and distinct species must remain unnamed in our cabinets, or the bright dream of figuring the whole of them must be dissii)ated ; of these two evils I w'as consti-ained to choose the less, the consequence of which has been the publication of several papers, containing numerous descrip- tions of new species, none of which I have promised to figure, and many of

which I ihoIkiMv ni'\ it >.hall I'murc : \\\r species which I liaxc (h'--crihcil ii]i Id tlie |>reseiit tiiu(> aiuoiiut to S27, ol' tliesc <)() have apijcai-ed fur the lirst lime in •' l/'pi(h>ptera Exotica;" 711 haviiiii" l)e.'ii lii^ured by myself, 31:5 of them, ilhistrate.l h\ I f.) liniires, in tiiis \\(Mk.

It can. I tiiink, scarcely l)c denied that, as a book of rcfei-ence. this \\"i)rk is not entirely valueless, when it is considered that, in addition to a complete illustrated Monoi;rai)li of the ucniis C"/fl(fi\>/ns; it contains representations of no less than 117 u'cnera. se\cral '>[ them |ii'e\ imisly iiiiknoun to Science: 1 feel therefore, notwitlistandinu' the cnhl water which lias ln-en lavislily cast ni)on my nndertakinii'. that 1 have, in a measiirc, advanced the stud_\ dl' this most attractive branch nf l:nt(imoliii;-y.

[ now turn to the pleasant task of expressing' my uratitude to those -who have kindly assisted nie with su])|eets tor my illustrations, foremost amongst whom I am indebted to ll(n-bert Drnee, I'.sc^., W. A\'ilson Saunders, Esq., and Andrew Swanzy, Esq., Avho have at all timi's allowed me to select what 1 chose fi-dm their extensive Collections, and who have ever shown a warm interest in my AVork : my thanks are also due to 11. Ansell, Esq., E. Brow u. 1>([., 'I'. Chapman, Esq., !*]. Charleswcn-th, Escj., the Rev. T. Cornthwaite, W. L. M, D' Urban, Esq., E. C. Heed, Esq., W. C. lEewitson, Esq., E. W. -lauson, Esq., I'aphael Meldola, Esq., F.Moore, Esq., Lieut. How land Roberts, Osbert Salvin. Esq., the Rev. F. A. Walk(>r, .Mfred Wallace, Esq., Lord AValsingham, C. AVard, Esq., aud II. AVhitely, liS([., all of whom have lent or given me specimens.

I have iiol followed the plan adopted by Alessrs. Edwards, llewitson, and Ward, of leavinn- the pages and plates unmimlxn'ed, as 1 have myself experi- enced nuich dillicully iu referring to their descriptions and ii^ures until the completion of a volume; I have also l)ei'u nnwillinn' to put myself under the necessity of iinuriiiL'' s])ecies of the same u'citus on one plale.

A. G. BUTLER.

17, OXFOltl) RuAlJ, llvi.lNG, ^IjJi-l/. 1^7 f.

COR RE CT IONS.

Pa-jo G, 11.

31,

'j'J- '1,

110, 110, 111,

15(i, 151, 1C2, 162,

liiir 20 IVoiii bottom ol' piiyu, lor " jMintll'lilms" icud " jjitrul/i'lis.

Eiipti/cJiui Zahdi (= Pindix squamhitniju, Fuldcr).

lini! 11 from top of pagu for " Cliortiim" read " Cliof.tnm."

T'ii/'j''fi-t Ki-f'U (= Cijlhijisis Hfdimiaiiiii, Ffliler).

lini' 1 "i from top of pajje, omit note.

line 12 „ „ omit (C. Amniy/li's, Fabr.)

—63, heading of page, for " Nymj/lii.tliiliv" read " Piq/iliuiiidw."

line 9 from top of page for " E. Limonia" niad " E. Limowjt."

Dr/ian Il/iiflu (locality Darjcding not Penuiaj.)

line 11 from top of page for " ^:il•l^lsceld^^ " i-ead " oircefante^." ,, 1'"^ „ „ i'oT " niiidi-fxtt-ntii" Tend " tiii(di-i'j:f<'niii."

,, 2 ,, „ iov " jii'didiix" read " pi'dibiiK."

,, 13 ,, ,, iox " Aix-lu-Chiqirlh." vend " Alx iH Prowiicc."

lines 5 >fc 0 ,, „ for " Morpho Zepliiiritin" read "J/. Lymphariji."

„ 16 ,, ,, ior " Murplia Lyniijliann" lead " M. ZcjjIii/rilU."

,, 13 ,, ,, tov" Tmoliis llc-nariiig " vca.d " 'rmoliis Dcnariun.'

,.17 ,, ,, (ot " Cftii/stiix Jahivn," read " Amjiad'-f Diiiiia."

I'ages 113 and 114 are, in .-iome copies, repeated, but in all tlio.se issued siihueijiind to ihi L'tectiuu of the error they have been marked 113a and 114a.

The liiatu.s of pp. 129 — 136 i.-; a tiJiHnjruphical error discovered too late for correction.

INDEX.

RHOPALOC ERA.

KAM. NVMI'lIAI.ID.i:. Slu-Fam. Danain.k.

interna Vii-shti

JjlllHUll

Islniia

I. YA

Kti/ila'U Jessica

Lonera relata

Itliomia plaginota

Leucoihijri-f

I'ubcscens Xif/ipoijeiii'f

Flossina

Moutagui Pti'riiiii/mUt fulviniaryo iintilla Olyrilla

Suh-Fam.

Aiichij/filrhia

oninta Aiilirrhirii

IMiatsiana

riiiloctetrs

Scoparia

.51

53 53

Plati-

xxxiii.

20 viii.

ll DutKtilllL-.

13'J 13'J

139

138

14(1 1 lit IH)

SaTYRIS.K.

38 ; 137

lL'7

137

xlix.

xlviii.

xlix.

Coi'tllll'S

iluniinali.s laniinaUi Drucliia leouata

Eupiijch ill albofasciata Ashna binocula caTiilea ccclica Francisca fulgoni Ithama Jcsia Lobelia mare ijnadrina Tiessa umbi'ij.sa Zabdi Zeba

Zeredatlia Ziza

Lethe

Albert!!

distaus MyculfjfiK

iguobilis Xinriiia

Lowii Neoriiiopio

sepulta Oxinmrhi^iiiis

eurijiliylo

Pag.'.

182 ltd

137

48 4H 10

<;

47

49

7

9

10 47

(;

7

4S

47

11

7

9

9

87 87

55

127

127

isl

IMulv.

Ixii.

l.vii.

xlix.

xviii. xviii.

xviu. xviii.

XVlll.

xviii.

XXXlll.

xxxiii.

xlviii. xlviii.

rttld-iiiiyiiqi/ia opaliiia

PrdaHofhg

Japldeta

raplia Sliliomor/i/iii

decorata

monacluis

tristis Tai/ffi'tix

Incerta

Jimna

Keneza

Kerea

leiicti-i

Ophelia

umbracea

I'zza

Xantippe

Xenana

Zimri

Zippora

P.i(,'.;. 8fi

180 18(J

179 179 ]Si)

1 19

17

19

"ll

I 19

15(1

149

18

1.5(1

18

19

17

PlnU-.

xxxiii.

Ixii. Ixii.

Ixii. Ixii.

InII.

liii. vii.

liii.

liii.

Ixii.

Sub-Fa.m. Duassmmx.k. CuUijo hemichroa 29 xi.

Daiiijiiph til uhiiH

vertebralis 125 xlvii.

Dymuitor

Stygianu.s 125 xlvii.

Pahi'imtiiiit

Oolitica 12(1 xlviii.

Sub-Fa.m. Mhui'iiin.i;. Amathiinki

Ottoiuana 2s xi.

INDKX.

Miirjtho

Tiigc.

Plato.

CtiKrnr''s

P.lgo.

Plate.

Pliilorfnoma

P.U-e

PKito.

ioya

rid

xix.

Pliraortes

26

X.

falcata

101

xxxviii

Aquarius

113

xli.

rici.stcianax

97

xxxvii.

Ussheri

52

xxi.

liytlnrinii

li;!a

xlii.

Saturnu.s

,5

ii.

Phyciodcn

jlltUlllil

4i»

xix.

JSmaragilali.s

5

ii.

fulviplaga

183

Ixii.

lympliuri.s

i:.i;

Ivi.

Zelica

12

V.

Luna

.")()

xix.

Zei)h}nis

0-

X.

Prcpona

Mariiiita

11:5

xli.

Wallace!

lou

xxxviii.

Louisa

49

xviii.

.S\(lki)wskyi

113a

xlii.

Pyrrliotji/ra

Zophjritis

l.-.r.

hi.

Cirroch ma satfllita

103

xxxviii.

Ophiii

184

Ixiii.

•Suh-Fam.

N YMi'll AI.IN.K.

Romuhonoma

Epipliile

Ceres

81

xxxi.

.•1 ■ loll 11^

yrandis

152

liv.

Janetta

82

xxxi.

laviTua

I7t

Ix.

Erexid

Lakuma

51

xxi.

A /"it urn

Di.smorpliina

182

Ixiii.

sarcoptei-a

81

xxxi.

I'lesauriuu

173

Ix.

vetusta

82

xxxi.

Arijiinni.s

Ennjphino

viiidinota

82

xxxi.

voi-ax

l.-.l

liv.

JIanlania

74

xxviii.

Tcriiin,s

Alrrini

Oodurfia

fulminans

151

liv.

t'elicia

7:5

xxviii.

An.scllica

51

XX.

Lucilla

152

liv.

zouara

71

xxviii.

llarinit

C'rilNfhea

lurida

73

xxviii.

fa:\i. eryclxid.e.

optima

12

V.

lll-tn-nchrn,(

Suii-F.\si.

XEMiailillN.E.

UiittujrinHma

(leniialba

103

xxxviii.

Mi'sdKniiiii

Latona

1S3

Ixiii.

lacina

1(12

xxxviii.

Isshia

84

xxxii.

IJIiiiriuYK

^Meiihistnphclc

^ Kil

xxxviii.

Jeziela

83

xxxii.

Alladiuis

■11

X.

ti-acta

102

xxxviii.

Thymetina

84

xxxii.

ISoliumani

28

X.

Jiiiumtu

Veni'vis

83

xxxii.

Jiornuensis

IG

vi.

liudonia

128

xlviii.

SlB-F.\M

1 )niceanu.s

20

X.

KUYCNllX.K.

Ixia

85

xxxiii.

Arictirif

(iiluluiisis

U

v., vi.

Hannibal

U

vi.

riuto

128

xlviii.

Jansoni

41

xiv.

Hindia

'J 9

xxxvii.

Mrijahira

Char it

JaliniU'i-

98

xxxvii.

valetta

172

Ix.

Libna

40

xiv.

.lu]iit(-r

U

V.

MijKCi'Uu

Emisls

KliasiaiHis

98

xxxvii.

I'attenia

172

Ix.

Zcla

40

xiv.

Kliiiualara

97

xxxvii.

Lunawara

99

xxxvii.

Ni-pf!x

Lijmnus

..rihis

13

V.

Prycri

184

Ixiii.

Jesse

39

xiv.

Papuuiisis

15

vi.

P.iphUi

Lynijiterijx

I'i'lias

25

X.

liorbacea

173

Ix.

Olivia

39

xiv.

INDKX.

St.il.irlilU

P-Vf

Plito

AppillK

Pnjje

I'latc.

D'ixinoriih I'a

P»gc.

PlaUs.

I'.vrlillll

41

xiv.

vat-'aius

livh-niilK

iautho

UO

xxxiv.

hagarcsa lubiiia

123 124

xlvi. xlvi.

FAM.

LYCKXID.E.

<.)1

xxxiv.

luniiia

124

xlvi.

SiB-F

\M. TlIKCl.lN.E.

Meldohc

117

xliii.

SKirorua

122

xlvi.

/li'l/ii/s

viridifascia

123

xlvi.

a/uriiiiis

l.V.)

Ivii.

Call 1(1 njax

Euchloii

ll<>.si)ontis

l.-)'.)

Ivii.

avi'llaiic'da

9.5

xxxvi.

limonea

70

x.xvii.

.l/.///)VI.s-

dry a

Gl

xxiii.

Augiistiuus

l.-.'J

Ivii.

E»litlia

10.5

xxxix.

Hwprrochariii

Eubiile

.58

xxii.

fulvinota

89

xxxiv.

M iiriiia

fornax

10.5

xxxix.

idiotica

70

xxvii.

Timoii

4-.'

xiv.

philea

'J2

XXXV.

Lcptoplwhiu

ffitri/nwn

sennie

.59

xxiii. •

tenuicornis

110

xliii.

iijjricolor

i:)S

Ivii.

soLstitia

95

xxxvi.

Pcniite

(UilicolMr

i:>,s

Ivii.

tlialustris

93

XXXV.

Latona

71

xxvii.

pastor

i:.7

Ivii.

Tiiiiiliin

C'if,i.-t;<-ta

PhvlU*

Actinotis

117

xliii.

agarithc

121

-xiv.

charichlonis liVJ

Ivii.

Crolinus

lOit

Ivii.

Catopsitla*

argaute

119

xliv.

■ Icnarius

i(;2

Ivii.

catilla

24

ix.

bracteolata

09

xxvi.*

Iialcioiitjs

IGl

Ivii.

chrysei.s

35

XV.

cipris

100

xx.xix.t

iiivisus

iii(»

Ivii.

crocale

22

i.x.

intermedia

153

Iv.

IsdIjooii

101

Ivii.

Evangelina

35

XV.

irrigata

07

xxvi.

\'i'spa.siami

161

Ivii.

flava

23

ix.

minuscida

120

G8

xliv.

florella

50

xxii.

neocypris

xxvi.

SiB-F

\.M. LvL■.^:^■|^

<.K.

glioma

43

xvi.

rorata

118

xliv.

f.<i,„/,!>U'^

30

rnrina

70

xxix.

goryoplionu

xii.

/a(;h;i-ina

l.'>7

Ivii.

Hinda

31

xii.

^-irgo

75

xxix.

Miiiutrro'K

lactea

43

xvi.

trite

121

xiv.

1 larwiiiia

104

xxxviii.

pyrautlie

3G

XV.

Finns

pvreue

44

xvi.

noctipennis

lis

xliiL

FAMILY

1'AP1LI()XID,1-1

ScyUa

31

xii.

Pli/cJioiiteri/j-

SvB-F

VMIt.V PlEHIN-.E.

.

thauruuia

50

xxii.

Boliemani

45

( Jodartiana

14.-)

lii.

Colian

Lucasii

45

llartoiiia

147

ILi.

pallcns

89

xxxiv.

Ttrwohis

• larL'sia

144

li.

Dilias

intemiptiis

115

xliii.

-hula

144

li.

fnigalactca

G4

xxiv.

jalonc

110

Xeleia

145

lii.

iiifenia

03

xxiv.

jobina

lie

xliii.

Orbia

1 :..}

Iv.

itliiela

G2

xxiv.

Loandicus

91

xxxiv.

Statira

142

li.

lucerna

02

xxiv.

Trriaa

Wallace!

122

.vlv.

ochreopictji

63

xxiv.

reticulata

90

xxxiv.

Stf p. 1^5.

• S-o

p. 154.

• See p. 155.

t Soe pp.

108 and 155.

INDEX.

.Sib-Fam.

rAIMUONlNM:.

CaryxfiiK

Vl\fX.

Plate.

r<,mi>hiht

P,ii,-.-

Phit.-

OniUhoj>lir,i

I'ngf.

Plate.

CJinentu

109

li.t.

lotana

ISS

Ixiv.

Miniiula

3

i.

geiniiiatus

180

Ixiv.

Phli'hodrx

jabcsa

IG!)

lix.

ittoiia

1S7

Ixiv.

J'u,,ilio *

jeciinia

100

.1- ISO

Ixiv.

kosa

isr,

Ixiv.

clusociilis

1 ('>:}

Iviii.

ladaiia

17(1

lix.

horribilis

88

xxxiv.

obeda

17<»

li.v

unia

1.S7

Ixiv.

Joesa

21

viii.

ozuta

lOS

lix.

P!tl„„ild<„

jiula

3t

xiii.

Cijch>i>lden

},'ladiatu.<

18'J

Ixiv.

kerosa

33

xiii.

jabesa

189

Ixiv.

argenteog

utta

188

Ixiv.

orabilis

103

Iviii.

zauoa

33

xiii.

Erycides

P/l.lslilll/l<l

vida

187

Ixiv.

Helena

189

Ixiv.

Pitnia^^im

yokhara

108

li.x.

hieroglyphica

171

li.v

glacialis

88

xxxiv.

Endamnn

Proh^idi's

PijrrhosUda

epigena

fir»

-XXV.

xarippe

17(1

lix.

la-titia

104

Iviii.

vectiliu'is

lo'j

xl.

vulnerata

i(;5

Iviii.

Goninrus

Pijrrhopijijn janiiiia

107

FA.M. II

•:si"Ki;

ID.E.

cenis

0.5

XXV.

S/iii!/n7ijiiii

jElhiUa

Corydoii

G5

XXV.

coraciua

60

XXV.

liirtiiis

04

XXV.

Evclinda

111

xl.

jaira

11(»

xl.

jethira

04

XXV.

Teh(j<>nii!>

jariba

111

xl.

liiidnni

04

XXV.

cepio

OG

XXV.

lavochrea

III)

xl.

zilpa

mil

xl.

egregius

0.5

XXV.

memmius

W^

XXV.

Ih^'prrin

inialona

\m

xl.

Aiii:uriifi<i

Hm'aiiia

100

li.K.

lotus

00

XXV.

tractipemiis

1.-^7

Ixiv.

oiiaia vitta

100 107

lix. li.x.

diiiiilial.'

nil

xl.

Aiiijiadi'x

TiJiilmdiuiiix

ilespecta

111'

xl.

'Lfiiriichiiiiii

•'(

ten-anea

111

xl.

liiinna

112

xl.

paradis(!a

107

li.x.

zi'phus

112

xl.

* Tlieic can

bu no doubt that this "

Toui) contains many

good ,lis

tinct gcnri-a, b

ut tliey have not yet been so]

ai-ati-.l.

HETEKOCERA.

!':ii;<v rut.-.

I A.M. I A.sTNllD-K Cast n to

,liva \r, xvit.

FAM. ZVti.KNlJM-1 Kuchrontiit

scintillans 175 Ixi.

Gi/mitelia Jansonis 17."> Ixi.

Ma^aija

virescens 1 "."> Ixi.

FA.M. i.n lliiSIin.E. Chrysatiijf

lutescens 176 Ixi.

Dioptis

Tthomeina 175 Ixi.

noctiluces 1 76 l.xi.

KA.M

. Ai;(

TIlD.l

•1

Euri/aiif

Hyf*ta,<]»-s

177

Ixi.

Oi/itni

clam

177

Ixi.

Ptficoiii-

fiintiUiiiia

17G

Ixi.

flora

176

Ixi.

ignita

46

xvii.

Irc'uidc-s

177

Ixi.

Jan.sonis

•k;

xvii.

luunina

177

ixi.

lucil'er

17fi

Ixi.

Rosina

77

XXX.

siliylla

177

Ixi.

FAM.

SATURXIID-K.

Brahmobi.t

Swanzii

78

.XXX.

.1,,,,.,

rotiana

FAM. I.'KMKIIIK.K

//./»/;//•

FAM. I.AKK.NTIIK.F. iHDrtipax

17H ixi.

FAM. KMI'UMIID.K

jivinuiliiia

17S

Aifrria leopardina volcanica

Ixi. FAM. TiiIiTRRID.F..

Ixi.

178

178

ADVERTISEMENT.

The great necessity for rocotjni/able lii^iires of Lepidoptera is a tliiiiiif whicli, in coiniuon with otluM- working Entomologists, I liave long and diM>2)ly felt. Complex descriptions without illustrations of any kind to assist in their deter- mination, arc, to say the least, a severe tax upon the patience and ingenuity of all who wish satisfactorily to interpret them.

That magnificetit Woik wliicli the Fki.dkrs have so recently jjroduced, from the number of its minutt-ly exhaustive descriptions of unfigui-ed species, destroys the pleasure which one would otherwise derive from a contemplation of its very beautiful plates. The temptation to describe new and striking sjiecies, with or without figures, is doubtless strongly felt by all who love to call the beautiful their own ; and in conunou with others, I must plead guilty to having been betrayed into it : this is however an error of which I have long repented, and long desinnl to atone for ; but up to the present time no opportunity has offered of wliicli 1 could avail myself.

Through the kindness of yiv. .Ianson I am at length enal)I('d to commence a "Work which will, I trust, entitle me to those blessings which my esteemed friend Mr. IIewitson has so often assured me are the reward of a recognizable figure. I can only add that it will be my endeavour throughout the i^'escnt undertaking to ])roduee characteristic' copies of the originals, and render the accompanying descriptions as definite as possible.

The object of this Work, which will be issued in Qiiarlerli/ Parts, is to give representations of all such new or little known species as may be con- sidered of sufficient interest to merit attention.

A. G. BUTLKR.

FAM1L^ PAPILIOMD.E.

SUB-FAMll.V 1" VI'lI.IoM.X.i:. Bales.

tJENCS I'.M'lLKl, (Linn.) FahriciM. SECTKJX (JKNITHOI'TEUA. liuUd.

PLATE I.

Papilio Jliranda, -sp. nov.

6 Alte aiitictu nigcmmic, certo situ uitidc ccrrulesccutcs ; striis tridociiii (quarta elongato-lunulari) de quarta submarginalibus, decrescentibus, flavidis ; {■iliis iiii^ris flavo intovrujitis: posticte llavic nitidtL' corto situ minime vircsccntes, iiKxrt^iue oinni uigro, externo sex-elovato, Acuis nigris ; corpus uigruui al)do- 111 i no flavcsconte. -Uic aiiticte subtus ivgione apical! scricca, striis suprrnis albidis : alitor volut supra; corpus tlioraco uigro, abdoinino (lavo vah idis albidis : exp. alar. unc. (5, lin. 1.

? Ake anticjo supra bruimoa? venis nigris, striis velut mari positis sed albidis : posticuD flavtc nigro irroi-ata^, liasi, margiue, fasciaque maculari discum fore totuin obtegonte, sericeo-nigris : corpus nigro fuscum collo flavo, abdoiiiiue ])auirun paUidiore lateraliter flavo squamoso.

Alio subtus cbaractcribus multo distinctioribus, alitor volut sujira : corpus tliorace nigro, abdomiue flavo, hoc fusco sex-fasciato : oxp. alar, unc 7, liu. .">, Sarawak (Lowe). c? , ? , 1?. ^I.

This grand aciiuisition has recently arrivnd in a Collection made at .Sarawak (Borneo) l)y >Ir. I^owe ; it ia only surpassed in beauty, in its own jicculiar group, by tbe P. .Mitgellmmn of Felder, sent from the Philippines by Dr. Semper. One of the most striking charactei-s observable in P. Mti-amla is tlio dLstinclness of the deep purple gloss which in certain lights overspreads the entire surface of the front wings of the male : this sjjecies seems to find its true position between /'. Helena and P. AnijihriiiiiiK, the form of the front wings being most like tlie former, the striation of the wings more nearly resembling llie latter species : six or eight specimens of P. .Minindt came in the same collection from Mr. Lowe, >omc of which are now in the CoUectiuns of Messrs. Uruce, Salvin, &c.

B 2

FAiMILY NY]\[PIIALIDyE.

SUB-FA^ril-V NYMPnALlN.E. Bates.

GENUS CIIARAXES. Ochsenhehnrr.

PL ATI: IT.

Charaxes Smaragihtlis, fig. 1.

S Charaxes Smaragdalis, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 630, n. 32, pi. 30, fig. 5 (18C5).

? ^Fajor ct rohustior ; al:o aiitic:t> fascia transversali ohlicpia iiivoa, partim ccrruleo-viridi niarginata ; maculis discalibus minoribus ; posticcE cauda exteriori loiigiore : suhtus obscuriorcs, fascia anticis obliqua nivca ; aliter velut mari : exp. alar. unc. 4 lin. 8.

Congo. (J , B. M. ; .J , ? , Coil. Chapinan.

C/iaraxes Salnnni.s. Jig. 2.

$ Charaxes Satumus Butler. Proc. Zool. Soc. p. 621, n. o. pi. 30. fi<x. 1. (ISGo.)

? ^FaJDr, ala:" posticfc supra maculis auali-discalilms ccrrulcis midto niajoribus incresccntibus ; subtus charactcribus paulo distinctioril)ns ; macula media in fasciam posticanam niveam, nigra ; maculis suboccllaribus violaceis apud marginem exterauni, niajoribus ; aliter velut mari : exp. alar. unc. 5.

Z , Interior of 8. Africa. Zambesi, B. M. ; ? , Congo, Coll. Chapman.

The two females described above have been kindly lent to me by Tliomas Chapman, Esq., of f;ia!<gow, from a ricli little Collection of Congo insects, recently sent for comparison to the British Mu.scum.

6 I'AMii.y NVMruviJi) r..

SUB-FA:MILY SATYRIX.E. Bates.

GKXUS EUITVCIIIA. Uubiwr.

PLATE III.

1. J-jipljifhiit C(cri(lc<i, sji. ii(n\.Ji\'/ft. 1, 2.

$ Affiuis E. Ciclcsti });uilo major : aho supra cu?rulc:c nititUc ; autica? marginc externo, costa apicali striolaquo oljli(|ua pono ccllain fuse-is ; postica' lineola submav^iiuili intciTiii)ta, altera man;iiiali latioi-c .■i])iul aiiiccm tenuion>, tertiaquc anteciliari tcniiissima nigris : corpus i'usfuin.

Al;e subtus ])al lid lores, posticye paiilulum virescenl<>s, aii1ic;p stria eellaiu traiiserrante, altera pone cellam obliqua, tertia undata subiiiari::iiiali, quarta niar^iiiali subiutegra, quiuta anteeiliari, oninibus fuseis ; costa media fiisca ; occllo iiiui-o caico fusco circumdato, puiietis(|iic Iribiis Tiiseis inter strias secundam et tertiam positis : ])()stie:e stria liasali, altera tcrtiaqiie mediis {)arallelibus, quarta valde irregulari apud inavuiiicni, (|iiiiita uiidulata margiuali, sextaque anteciliari, omnibus ninris; ocellisduobus nigris ca'cis (t'usco introrsum circumdatis ct a ])unctis duobus i'uscis connectis), inter strias tertiam et quartam positis : corpus einereo albidum : exj). alar. uiic. '1.

? Abe pallidiores, antic;e I'asciis duabus transversis long'ioribus fuseis, costa tota fusca ; postictc fasciola pone cellam abbreviata, lineola submar<^inali latiore baud interruj)ta ; apicc late fusco : aliter velut marl.

Alic subtus multo pallidiores ocellis majoribus ; fasciis omnibus latioribus rufescentibus, ocellis quoque anticis uno, posticis tribus, rudimeutariis ; aliter velut mari : exp. alar. unc. 2. lin. 1.

^I^ai-Si\ih3im (Wendeborii). $, ? , Coll. Salvin.

T}iis species is most nearly allied to luy E. CmlestU, but is iiuite distinct from it ; the male differs much more than the female.

,?. Eiipti/cltia JIarc, sp. }wc.,ji(j. G.

$ Aflinis ])r:ccedenti cujus femina" maxiuK^ simulat ; minor est ct gracilior, fasciis supra subtus(pie tenuior/bus; area auteiii aiiticaruni apii-ali latius nig-rescente : exp. alar. vine. 1. lin. b.

Wwd ( jrallacc). ?, Coll. Salvin.

In my Monograph of Eiip/i/cfun, 1 unfortunately mistook this sj)eeies for a variety of />'. CajlcstU ? , it is however au undoubted male.

NVMi'n M.nj.K.

3. Enptijchin Zcbn, up. nov.,fig. 3.

S Al:i' supra fuscnn elongatio, stiiis una anticis, duabus posticis, submar- tjinalibus fust-is nebulosis ; linoa anteciliari uiixra ; ciliis pallide fuscis : corpus liiscuiu.

Ala> svibtusmulto pallidioros ; charactoribus fcro E. Antonois, fasciis auteni incdiis latiorilius, ad aiiu,uhnu aui posticarum magis approximatis obseuriori- liiis(|ue, cxtonia quoquo autiearuni apiul augulum aiii introrsum curvata ; niitica'! ocollis tribus, supvonio nigorrinio, squamis flavo-cincto, fuseo circum- (lato et albo pupillato, quinlo pupilla gomiiiata, tertio et quarto fuscis, flavo cinctis, fuseo circuindatis ct cd-rulco bipupillatis ; corpus fuscuni : cxp. alar, uiic. 2. lin. 7.

Pebas, E. IVru. (HaiLvicellJ. S , Coll. Salvia.

This species is very nearly allied to Cramer's E. Antono'e of which it Is probably a local form : it (lifters considerably in outline and other minor particulars.

4. Eiipfychin FuUjora, sp. nor., fig. .',.

$ Affinissiuia E. Tricolori, forma autcni omniuo distans; antica-. fascia dis- coidoa lf)ngitudinali, plaga pone earn fasciolari disco-costali lincaque marginali, nitidissiuic ca'rulco-viridibus : fiiscia aurantiaca posticarum costali, augustiore ; fascia ca-ruleo-viridi intcruo-anali mau'is viresccnte : ahc subtus pallidiores, occllis posticarum iut(n'mcdiis, lougioribus ; fascia interna anticarum media magis arcuata, externa magis tmdata, linca anteciliari niagis albicante : exp. alar. unc. '1. lin. 2.

Pebas, !•:. I'eru. (llaii.rircll). S , ^ , Coll. Salvin.

This beautiful species though nearly allied to E. Tricolor differs entirely from it in the form and coloration of the anterior wings, and must be considered distinct: the female I am unable to describe, as I have not a female of E. Tricolor with wliicli to compare it.

5. Etiplychid Quifdriiia, .y). nor., Jig. o.

<? Ala* supra fusca- ; postica* striolis dual)us antemarginalibus ocelloque indistincto subanalibus; fascia suljquadrata transversa lata nivca ad costam liaud attingente : corpus fuscum.

KAMllV NVMril \I.1I) K.

Aku subtus pallidiores, anticic illisii'. Itunidls ])ersiiuilcs obscuriores, lineis- quc transversis latins scparatis, quanun externa baud arcuata ; postieop ad basin fiiseiP, linea transerrante fracta obseiiriore, tune I'aseia suj)erua nivea a liuea (apud eostani anp;ulari) liinitata ; area pone banc aiirantiaea Ihu ido varia, niaeidani ])erniai^nani subovaleni nii,'erriniani argenteo bipu])illat:un suliaiialein ineludente ; })unctis aliis argenteis velut in J-J. Ilouidc' \)u^[[\s: liueis dualjus antcmarginalibus albidis in fundvun fuseum positis: c(ii|)iis cincirtJ-liisfutu, pedibus oebraeeis : cxp. alar. unc. 1. lin. .").

Maranbam (^7/'6'H(/t'io/v// S, Cull. Salviii.

Allied to £. Hunk of llewitsoii from whicli, however, it is very distinct.

lAMlI-V NVMrilAI,Il).i:.

PLATE IV.

6. Euptychia Zha, sp. hoc, Jiff. 1. ? Ala) supra lilacino-cicriilcie, anticae fasciis duabus mediis et raarLjiiii' t'xtorno I'uscis ; area apioali fusco squamosa : posticiB fascia media iutcrrupta duabuscpic subniargiualibus imdatis fuscis : corpus cinereum, abdomini> llavido.

Ahe subtus pallidc i-erulca- lasciis duabus mediis duabusciue subnuirgiua lilius fuscis, inter secundam et quartam fasciola ocellos ineludente fusea : autiete oeello uno, posticto quiucpic (tertio et quarto rudiuKMitariis) nigris albido-ciuctis : corpus cinereum: exp. alar unc. 1, liu. \)\.

Pebas, E. Peru. fHaiLVicellJ. ? , Coll. Sah in.

Tliis species bears a distant ri-seiublanoe to tlie male of E. CieleMix, it is nearly allied to A'. Cienilen, from wliiuh its smaller size and more lilac colouring readily distinguish it ; it also diH'ers in having the bands of the iVontwings more angular, of nearly equal width, placed nearer together, and reaching the inner margin of the wing ; the mai-ginal band is narrower, the central band of the hind- wing more strongly defined, especially at the anal margin and the black spot on the disc wanting.

7. Eiip(i/cJi!(f Zeredathd, sp. uov., firj. 3.

9 Al;c supra fusc:e pallidic, liueis duabus sul)marginalibus undatis obscurioribus, ocelloque posticis nigro fulvo-ciucto et plunibeo bipupillato.

AliP subtus pallidiores, lineis duabus (interiore anticarum abbreviata) fus- cis irreijularibus, et duabus submargiualibus undatis : antic;e ocellis tril)us miuutissimis subapicalibus, postica; quatuor, primo quartoque majoribus, omni- bus nigris flavido cinctis et plumbeo pupillatis: corpus cinonMim : exp. alar. unc. 1. lin. 4'.

Rio. ? , Coll. Salvin.

This may ])e a race of E. Eoiis, it is of the same form as the male of that species, but it is sm.iller and it-s hindwings are more angular; it differs also in beinjr pnliT. with more iri-egular central bands and smaller ocelli.

5. Euptychia llhama, sp. nov.,fig. ft.

? Ala; supra fuscie, fascia communi discali cocciuca indistinctn : posticoe maculis sex ocellaribus margiualibus uigris, tertia distinctiore magna.

c

- lumber, 1S60.

10 FAMILV NYMPIIALID.K.

Ala^ siibtus olivaceo-lusc'io fusco striolata*, fascia lata media obscuriore, an1i<'is a riitb, posticis ochracoo liiuitata ; inargine cxterno quoquo obscuro, antic'is a rufo aiii;-ulis altcrnis limitato, inar!;-in(> ])()sticarum striolain ari^enlcaiu ocelliiinquo iu(>(lium nii:;;ruiii t'ulvo ciiictuni oi rufo triivuindatuin inckuleiite : corpus fuse in 11 : exp. alar, iiiic. 1. lin. 11- — iiiic. 2. lin. l.

Valley of the rolochic and S. Lorenzo, Plain of Sabnna. (Hague).

? , Coll. Salvin.

This wouJerfiil insect is the finest of the E. Gemma group, of wliich it constitutes the third ilcscriboJ species, it is interesting from the almost caudate angulation of its posterior wings, in which particular it approaches tlie genus Tai/tjetis : E. Gemimi is synonymous with the " Papilio Cornelius " of Fabriiius, to which it will have to give place.

9. Euptychia Binocula, sp. nov., Jiff. 5.

$ Akie supra fuscaj subpellucidse, faseiis duabus mcdiis obscurioribus ; posticae fundo medio et margine exteruo albieantil)us ; ocello maguo subanali nigro albo cincto et pupillato : corpus i'uscum.

Ala? subtus fuscic, area basali albicaute, a faseiis tribus regularibus fuseis interrupta ; margme extcrno pauluiu albieantc, lineis duabus viudatis submar- ginalibus fuseis ; anticsc ocellis tribus, posticsc quinque, primo auticarum, et primo secvmdo quintoque posticarum nigris, aliis fuseis, omnibus plimibeo l)upillatis et flavo-cinctis, primo posticarum minute : corpus fuscum : exp. alar. uuc. 1. lin. 6.

Cayenne. (DeyroUe). ? , Coll. Salvin.

E. Binocula ajjpears to be intermediate between E. Lijdia and E. Ocijpetc.

10. Euptychiu Jesia, sj). nov., Jiff. 6.

S Altc supra albte subliyalin;c, anticic costa et area apicali fuseis ; postica? linea marginali fusco : corpus fuscum.

Al;c subtus fere velut in E. JFeslwoodlo, faseiis autcm baud rufescentibus et angustioril)us : corpus cinereum : exp. alar. unc. 1. lin. 5.

S, S.Ecuador. (Kranse). S, Coll. Sal\ in.

This species looks somewhat like a large pale female of E. Wcstiooodii, it however bears very little resemblance to the male of that species : the female of E. Jesia is in the Collection of the British Muiseum, from Venezuela and Peru, and (excepting that it is darker and has a black spot on the upper surfaceof the hindwings) differs little from the male: this insect differs from E. Westirooiliiiemnlc in its superior size, more angulated hindwings, and less strongly i)ronounced markings, wliich on the under- mrfacc are brown, not reddish, and narrower.

FAMILY NVMI'IIAI.ID.K. 11

11. Eiiplychia Zabdi, ftj). )ioc.,Jir/. 7. S Ahc sujira rusctc, area apicali aiiticaruni paululum ])alli(li()ro : coi-pus ni-

srescens.

AUi' subtus pallidiorcs fusco strigostp, area apicali (piuipio dilution' ; antii-a* disco I'lilvesccuto ; linea aroam hasalcni limitante aii!,'ulato-undulata, alt<'ra ab- broviata sul)inari,'inali ct tcrtia marifinali rct-ta, obscuris : postica' buois dual)us ino(bis, tertia aroam basalem limitante anu,ulata, rpiarta submari^finali deiitato- undulata, quinta antemarginali uiulata, omuibus iuscis obscuris, ocellis sex I)unctiformibus discalibus, quinto majore, nigris fulvo-cinctis : corpus cinereum: exp. alar. unc. 2. lin. 2.

Chietum, Vera Paz. (Hague). S , Coll. Salvin.

Most nearlj' allied to E. A'ecijy, but diUers in havinij; the frontwings more strongly angulated and the hiudwings deeply scalloped, the bands less irregular and more angidar, the ocelli also are more distinct ; but for the structure of its palpi this species night pass for a small Tai/getin.

GEXUS TAYGETIS. llubm-r.

Taygetis Kerea, sp. not., fig. 2.

0 Ala3 supra fusca;, liuea submarginali obscuriore, altera antemai-ginali alba, tertia marginali nigra.

Alte subtus cinerete, fusco fulvoque variegatne ; antie;c liueola discoidea, linea alam transeiTante discali, altera submarginali undulata et duabus margina- libus subintegris fuscis ; area marginali ol)scura ; ocellis quinque discalibus punctitbrmil)us fuscis: posticie linea sulibasali undidata, fascia ])ostmodia sub- angidata extus nigro limitata, liuea submarginali extus all)ido marginata. fuscis ; linea marginali albida nigro inclusa ; area apicali-cxterna obscura : ocellis quinque discalibus punctifonnibus ocliraeeis albo-pupdlatis : corpus fus- cum : exp. alar. unc. 2. lin. 3.

11. Polocliic, Chuacus & Pi. Cliisoy, Vera Paz. ( Hague). Coll. Salvin.

This species belongs to the Nvnnijmjihii group of T<iij(jvtig ; and ;i.s will bo strn on tlio ]ilati', bears a great resemblance to the lai-ger species of Euptychia.

c2

\-2 FAMILY NYMrilAl.ll) K.

SUB-rAMiLY NYMi'iiALi.N.E. ISatcs. CIENUS CALLITHEA. Uoisdurnl.

PLATE r.

CaUilliea Oiiluiui, .^ji. noc.ftgs. 1, 2.

S Ahe supra ctcruleii- nitidissimjp, area media ni<;-i'a jmrpiireo uitente, margine externo vivesceute ; area iutema post k-anim fusca : corpus fuscum.

AUc subtiis virides iiitentes, costa basali anticaruiu et area basali postica- rum coccineis nigro limitatis : area interna anliranim fusea mgro eiivumdata ; anticie punctis quatuor subapicalibus striolaquc diseoidea nigris ; posticai fascia angvilata media, maculis octo postmediis, striolis septem discalibus septemque subniarii-inalibus, et margine cxterno, iiigris : corpus fusciun : exp. alar. unc. 2. lin. (5.

Santa Cruz, [ ilauthoga] Peruvian Amazons. (/-J. Bartlelt). o , Coll. l)nic(\

This species is the graiulost CaUithea that I have ever seen, tlie i,'reat red space at the base ol' tlir wings on the under surface distinguishing it from all the other known species : it is especially interest ing as being a link between the two groups of species into which the genus \v,\a liitherto l)een ivadilv separable.

GENT'S CHARAXES. OrJtsniheancr.

FLATUS V. §• VI.

1. Char<(xcs Zclica, pi. v., jUj. 3.

S Charaxes Zelica Jiutler, Ent. Montli. :Mag. (i. i). 28, (July, 18G9.) Mm supra cicruleo-nigraj ciliis aurantiaeis ; area basali creruleo-viridi iiitentc : antica^ maculis sex discalibus unaquc subcostal! cjcruleis, i)osticn' maculis septem discalibus alas serie obliqua transerrante el ad ani;iilum aiii dccrescente, striolisque septem marginalibus scpiamosis, omnibus c;cruleis ; punctis octo submarginalibus albis a scjuamis iionnullis ctcruleis circumcinctis ; iiiariiiiie iuteriori i'usco : cor])Us i'usciun.

Ala? subtus sericeo-olivacca', area apicali subocliracea a linea distiiu'ta limitata; area basali iasciis duabus argenteis, iuteriore extrorsum et exteriorc iiitrorsum a linea ni^ra ali)a(|ue limitatis; antii-ie linea sul)ai)icali pallida; macidis

r.VMlIA NVMrilAI.lU.E. 13

(lual)iis ocellaribus ms;r'\9. albo iridatis a])ii(l basin positis, striolaque niijra collam flaudonto ; posticii' plau;a inaLCiia sul)aiiali ari^eiit<»a niac'ulis(|U(M(cto sul)iiiari;iiia- lihiis albis partim nitjro pui)illatis : corpus ruscuni, i)fct(ir(\ palpis, liltiis tarsis(pio ochrafcis : exp. alar. iiiu-. 3. liii. 13.

West ^Vfrica. (Anhanti .') S , li. :\l.

Tliis species, recently obtaineil from the Collection of T. P. Dossctor, Esq., is intermediate between C. Tridntes and C. Miii-crinn : there seems to be little doubt that it is from Ashanti, as the other insects with which it is said to have come appear to be from that locality.

2. Clio raxes Oriliis, pi. c, Jig. 5.

C. Orilus. Walhice In lUl.

S Ahc anticfc supra fuscte area basali paulum rufescente ; fascia maculari Mibmari^inali, increscente ocliraceo-flava ; posticsc area basali fusca ; area apicali ochraeeo-flava apiid marginis abdominalis medium rufescente ; linea mari^inali, niaculis septom .sul)bastatis submargiiialibus aliisque noiiiiullis subaualibus, omnibus nigris : cor])Us fuscum collo albipunctato.

Ahc antica' subtus pallidr dlivaceu', striis l)asalil)iis bruniicis ; fundi) statini pone arcam basalem all)icante, tunc brunnescente ; fascia discali eloni;ato- lunulari olivaceo squamosa maculas obscuriores indudonte et introrsum brunneo limitata ; area externa albicante ; fascia undulata olivaceo-squamosa dccrescente a squamis ocbraceis margiuata, banc transerrante ; posticie area basali pallidc olivaceo-squamosa, lincis basalibus brunneis ; striis duabiis nu'diis a])proxiniatis brunneis, cxtrorsum a lunulis septcm ocbraceis In-unnco- (ilivacco mari^inatis, liniitatis ; area apicali albida, maru,inali ocbracca ; niaculis scptcni triangularil)us viridibus nigro aciuiiinatis ct partim fusco-cinctis sub- niarginalibus ; linea margiiiali olivacea : corpus albidum, auteuuis nigris fulvo acuminatis : exp. alar, unc 3. lin. 0.

Timor. (If'allace). (J , Coll. A. il. Wallace.

This marvellously distinct Churnjris is not nearly allied to any of the known species, it is ]>crha]is l)C,st located in the Fubiits jjroup. in general appearance it luoks somewhat like a Ptijn'/iij of tip' I'ninmon group.

ll- I'A.MIIA' N^ MrilAl.lD.i:.

.'). Chova.rcs Uainiibal, sp. nov., pi. vi., J'kj. .7. C. nannilml, Widluce in lilt.

5 , $ Akc supra fore vclut in C. Lampedine.

Altu su1)tus scricco-i'usf;o, lincis bas:ilil)us nigris ; iast-ia media albida in- trorsum nigi'o niargiuata, extrorsiim dilfiisa, anticaruni maeulari ct apiul fostam irregulariter bifurcata : antica? maculis sex discaliljus fulvis incresccntibus extrorsum apud angulum analcm nif^ro lat5 marginatis ; macidis septem pallidis (ad anguluui ani albis) submarginalil)us incresceutil)us ; postica) fascia discali luiiulari ilavo-squainosa, introrsuni nigro margiiiata, extrorsuin lunulas aurautia- cas cxliilK'nte ; maculis octo can-uleis nigro lunulatis introrsuni a lunulis albis, extrorsum a lunulis dii'ractis flavis, inclusis ; marginc fusco : corpus fuseo- albidum : exp. alar. S , vine. 3. liu. 8 ; ? , imc. 3. lin. lOA.

6 , Tondano, ? , Macassar. (TFallaceJ. 5 , ? , Coll. A. K. AVallace. Closely allied to C. Lanq^edo, 1)111 quite distinct.

4. Charaxcs Jupntcr, sp. nov., pi. v., fifjs. 4, 7.

$ Akc svipra similima) C. Pyrrho fascia media autem augustiore ; area basali magis fuscescente, punctisque submarginalibiis minoribus : subtus antica> fascia lata infra cellam olivacea, fascia discali nigra indistincta ad eostam baud attingente, fasciolis nigris discoideis angustioribus : posticte fascia media alba multo latiore, area abdominali quoque albicante ; striis omnilms nigris angustiori])us : corpus olivaceo-albidum : exp. alar. luic. 3. lin. 6.

S , Dory. (TFallaceJ. S , Coll. A. E. Wallace.

This handsome species is closely allied to C. Pi/rrliiis from Amboina, but may be readily dis- tinguished from it : the only sjjecimen in Mr. Wallace's possession is in a very shattered condition so that I have been obliged, in my ligures, to supjily the outer inargiu of tlic posterior wings.

o. Charaxes Giloleiisis, sp. not'., jjI. v., Jiff. G ; pi. vi.,fiff :). C. Cilolensis, Wallace in lill.

S AXvc supra siinillimte C. Laclari<e, cella autem antiearum diseoidali nigro-fusca viridi squamosa ct margine anali augustiore; corpus tliorace fusco.

IVMII.V NVMI'lIALID.i:. 15

Al;c subtus area basali aiiticariim olivacea, fasciolis nii»ris latiorilnis, fasciolis albis ani^iiistioribus : postica^ sorio luacularmn discuin traiiscrranto latioro niaciilis oiunil)us {•occincis ; area ab(li)ininali olivacoa, lasciis lalis nis^i-is allKj-iuarj^inatis : i-orpus olivafciim : exp. alar. uiic. 1.

Batchian and Gilulo. ( IJ'allace). $ , Coll. A. IL "Wallace.

This sj)ncii's diflers from all its allifts in having all the discal spots on the under-surfacc of th<' hiiulwings red, in other respects it approaclies C. Lactaria.

G. Charaxes Tcqmensis, sp. nop., 2)1. i-i.,fi,gs. 1, i.

C. Papucnsis, Wallace in lift.

(J Al:e supra I'ulva', stria eellam anticaruni claiulcntc et maru'Lue lato regular!, nigris ; punctis quatuor albis uncKiue fulvo apud aiigulum posticaruni aualem : corpus fulviim.

Abe subtus siniilliimc C. Cimonis mari fascia autem posticarum luiiulavi, alteraque subniarginali obseurioribus : corpus fuscum.

? Ake supra simillim;ie C. Cimoiiis femina^, linoa autcin Imiulari diseali inulto pallidiore, maeulisque omnibus ocellaribus, iniii(nil)us : corpus olivaceo- lulvum.

AlcC suljtus C. Cimoni simillima', pallidiorcs ct liuea lunulari ad lasciam modiam multo magis approximata, fascia posticaruni lunulari latiorc ocellisque minoribus : corpus fulvum : exp. alar. 5 , unc. 3. lin. 7 ; ? , unc. 1. lin. 3.

S, Dory, ?, Aru. {Wallace). <J , $ , Coll. A. K. AVallacc.

Tills species is nearly allied to C. Cimon and C. Lntowi ; the male diffei-s from C. Chnon, in its more strongly sinuated and less shai-ply angulated anterior wings, and in the narrower black border of these wings ; the apex of the posterior wings is also tinted with purplish, which is wanting in (.'. Cimon $ ; the female diflers in its pale colouring and markings, the lunulate discal line of the anterior wings being placeil nearer to tlie centre of the wing ; also in its smaller size and short tails : from < '. Dili'tm it diflers in the relative sizes of the subniarginal occllations which on the under-surfacc are als<i considerably smaller and isolated ; the lunulate line is nearer tlie lentre of the wing llian in C. Luioim and the tails of the hijidwings reversed as to length.

FAMILY NVMrilAl.ll) K

7. Cfntraxcfi Borne'ensis, sp. uoc, pi. ri., fig. 2.

C. Bonicensis. Witllacr in lilt .

(5 Aho supra I'usco-fulviP, area npicali nin'ra ; autica' fascia irrogulari ad eostam hand attingvuto all)ida, liac Imiiilas ninras cxtrorsiim inter venas oxlii- l)ento ot a venis nigris intorrupta ; postica' macnilis sex ocellaribus subeDiiicis siil)iiiarii-iiialil)iis niiiris, ad angulum aui albipiiuctatis : corpus fulvo-fuscuin,

thoracc ininiine xircscciito.

Ala> sul)tus nitidissime scriceo-fuscir, ehai'aeteribus iiunierosis lineas for- maiitibus, basalibus all)is ; fascia discali altera([ue margiiiali hiuubxri olivaceo- viridibus ; antiete inaeulis quinque sulmpicalibus fusco diffusis, })ostica3 septem ocellaribus violaceis nigro-])uiictatis introrsum albo striolatis : corpus fuscum. pcctore paljjisque albidis, pedibus fusco-ochraceis, anteunis nigris fulvo acumi- natis.

? Al;i? supra fulva;, anticre area apicali nigra ; fascia media lata fulvo- albida maculisque quinque ad earn approximatis fulvis ; postictc area disco- costali all)icante ; macvilis octo ocellaribus decrescentibus submarginalibus nigris albido-iunatis, harmn postremo caeruleo-squaniosa : corpus fulvo- olivaceum.

Abe subtus area basali albida, fasciis consuetis fuscis nitcntibus nigro limitatis ; fascia lunulari discali etarca marginali, ochraccis ; fuudo subniarginali pallidc brunneo, fusco introrsum angulis alternis limitato ; hoc auticarum striam albidam, posticarum inaculas octo ca:>ruleas uigro piuictatas et introrsum albo-tcrminatas exbibentc, linea posticis subniarginali olivacea : corpus al- bidum : exp. alar. S , unc. 3. lin. 9; ? , unc. I. lin. 1.

S , Sarawak. (Jfullace). ? , Borneo. {Love). <J , ? , Coll. A. IJ. Wallace.

A superlioiiil glaucf at this Charaxes would lead one to suppose it iilcutiL-al willi ('. BcrnarJns, upon comparison however the two species prove to be ijuite distinct.

The " i\'^»(/</('(//s CV(/«/oH/rt" of Ilewilsou, removed .some time since from Charnxcs io Profhoi' (the coloration of which il possesses), appears to be inleriuodiate in character between these two genera the neuraliou being more nearly that of Uhanues ; it should form a new genus allied to both tlie above.

FAAtll.V NVMIMI AMIt K. 17

srH-FAMIL\ S \l ^ IMN.i;. Bole.-^. (iKXiS TAVCKTIS. Ilnh,,;:

VLATE 111.

1. Tunnel ix .Ihiivd. s/). nor., Juj. .',.

? AfTinis T. Annillata', minor autoiii ct iniilt> ]);illi(lior lincis omiiihiis suhtns miilto clistuictioribus ot minus angulaiil)us : ala; anticic minus oloni^ata-, margino intorno longiore ; posticus marginc costali brcviorc, margine extorno- aiiali multo minus sinualo: corpus, capite minore : exp. alar, iiiic. :>, lin. (!.

Istlnmis of raiiama. (McLcannan.) ? , Coll. Salvin.

This species, tliough nearly allied to T. AniiUlnIn, maj' be readily separated from that insect hy its paler colouring and much more feeble build. The outline of the wing.s, and the markings of tin- under surface, notwithstanding that they are eviileiitly moililications of those wliiidi are seen in T. .\nnilhihi. will not bear the te.st of comparison.

,"?. Tiiijijcl'iK Zliijiorii, .sp. nor., Jif/. ?.

^Ahc su])i-a fusca', aiitica- plaga siilia])icaii siiliocliracca ; |>ostira' plai^^a pcnnagna media nigra : corjjus t'liscaiin.

Ala' subtus area Inisali picca, marginibus internis dilutioribus ; linea conununi cellas transcrrante et altera aream l)asalcm limitanto (introrsum nigro-fuseo, extnn-sum lilaeiiio marginata) nigris ; area apicali fusca, liiica submarginali irrcgulariter undata ct margine ijiso, nigris ; anticic apice lilacino-squamoso ; ocellis (piinque discalibus parvis, albis I'usco-cinctis et ochracco-iridatis ; posticie ocellis subseptcm simililius, (juinio paululum majore ; corpus pallide fuscum : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 9i.

Cayenne. (Deyrolle.) S , Coll. Salvin.

This handsome Tai/getin appears to come nearest to T. Cliupntru : it sliould be idaced between it and T. Echo. The grciil black patch upon the upper surface of the hindwings readily distinguishes it from all the oth'-r species of the genus.

is I'AMii.v ^^^ll'llAl,ll).l■:.

J. Tdniieds AciiiiiKi, .s/>. i/ur.,Ji(/. o.

i X\m sLipiu I'luscil' ; pusUcLu slria \ nkle iiulist iiicla antLMiuiryiiiali palli- (Uoic : corpus fiiscum.

Ala- suhtiis vclul in specie pneeedente area auleiii apieaii anuiistiore, laseiaque postinodia lilaciuu-squamosa et areis (liscalil)us ohseiirioriljiis ; c-orpiis pallide fiiseum : exp. alar. unc. 3, lin. '1.

Cayenne. (Deyrollc.) 6, Coll. Sal\ in.

T. A'lii'iii'i ami T. C/rupalni arc sci iiiiuli alikr upon tliu under surface, that, but for the; lutally ilitt'erc'Ut form of their wings, one would ahuost hesitate to consider them distinct species. Tlie distinctions between 7'. A'</i>i)i<( and T. Zippara are much more apparent, although these two species inhabit the same district. In the latter case, however, the ditt'erences of colour are chieHj- contineil to the upper surface of the wing, so that we may, 1 think, safely conclude that for some reason or other the retention of the under surface coloration is 'of importance to this little group of species. 1 have no doubt that, when the economy of tropical butterflies is better known, we shall discover dis"uises in very many more of the butterfly patterns than, in oni jiresent state of ignorance, we could conceive possible. With regaril to the parallel resemblances in the ditterent genera of the Hdiconinw two ideas have occurred to me, which, though they may be but " chiklish guesses," I think there can be no harm in stating. First, it is within the range of possibility that these butterflies were originally modified to resemble certain flowers, and the latter subsequently becoming e.xtinct, necessitated the development of a new protective agency — namely, the acrid fluid with which the Heliconinm are now provided. In the second place it may be that only one genus originally possessed the protective fluid, and was the model upon which the other genera were formed, but since the latter were then |n-eserved by their colours only, individuals must occasionally have been destroyed ; and, to the e.\teiit of that destruction, there was a necessity for additional protection : thus a physical as well as merely external resemblance may have been tiie ultimate consecjuence. Two notes by Jlr. Swainson in his " Illustra- tions" somewhat confirm me in this view, inasmuch as he shows that certain Heliconoid moths have acciuired all the defences Kininion to liie buttei flies which th(?y re-semblc. He .says, — " In their slow rti"ht. Ion" transparent wings, ami jironeness to imitate death on being handled, they otter a most beautiful analogy to the Heliconian butterflies." ■' They fly slowly and heavily during the middle of the day, and, on the least toueli, enunlcMleil iliMtli. M">t of the species, when handled, discharge from their buily a limwn li(|mir liki' their pn)t(jty|ies lie- /f'/;r<„i,'i/(i'."

.',. Tdiiijelix (.::<i, s/t. i/(/c..Ji(/. I.

? Al;e supra i'lisea', aiiliea- ai-ra apicali pallidiore, laseia postmedia, alteiiuiiie iiiaruiuali introrsiini I'liseo liiiiitalis oehraeeis ; postiea- liiiea aiite- inari^iiiaii, altera([ue niaryiiiali nigro-l'iiseis : corpus I'uscum.

r\Mi i,\ vi Mi-ii AMI) i:. T.)

Al;i' Mil)Ins trir vrliit ill \aiift:itil)iis iioiiiiiillis 7'. Amlronifilir coloralif liiu'is autcm iiicdii-^ ail inar^inem posticarum abdomiiialciii approxiinatis ; imtii'ii' oci'Uis SOX (R-liiaccis ; posticic occUis sex, quiiilo sextociuc iiii^ris fulvo- cinctis, aliis ocliraceis : corpus cinereo-fuseum : oxp. alar. uiic. ."'i. liii. 1.

Sail GiM'oi limit. I'laiii ot" Salaiiia. ( llciinr./ . , Coll. Salviii.

T. Uzzii is iR-arly alliuil to T. Aiidromedu, ami tmt for tin- ilitl'cn'iit ]ir)silioii of tin- cciitiMl liiirs upon the iimler suiface of the wiugs, might be considered an extifiiie variety of lliat T<ii/(/ili\- , liowever, after carefully coiupariiig it with a good series of T. Awlrmiirilu, 1 have no he.sitalioii in pronouiu;ii:g it a j,'ooil and distimt s|ie(ic.-i.

.7. Tdyi/etin Kt'ttiZd, .sjj. //ur., Ji;/. .',. S Alu' sii|)ra l"iise;r : curpiis I'liscuni.

Al;i> suhtiis t'lisca', lasciis subiiuatuoi' dillusis lilafiiiD-sqiiaiiiosis ; fasciis duabus mcdiis valdc invi^ularibus, liiioa iiudata submari;inali ot altera aiite- marifiiiali, fiiscis ; inaruiiu' ipso iiiii^ro : aiitieie fascia nclmldsa discali nccllos (juiiique vix distini;ucn(lii^ incliidente ; plaga marginali media ni^icsccnte ; postica) plaga disco-eel liilari (idirea ; i'ascia discali uebulosa ocellus (|iiin(|iii- distiiictos ineludeiite ; jilaga camlali iiii;i-cseeute : corpus cinereo-l'useuiii : e\p. alar. uiic. 2, liii. '.).

Cayenne. (Deyrolle.) S , Coll. Salvin.

7". l\fiiii-.'i is a rharniingly distinet s|iciies of the Vnlintiini group ; it may lie jplaei'd Ijeforu that sjiecies.

6. Tamiclis Ziinri. .s/i. nor.. Juj. H.

? Abe siipi-a I'usca; : corjms I'liscuin.

Abe subtiis pallidiores lilacino-tinetie et ocbraceo nebidos:e, lineis duabus valde irregidaribus mediis, aiiticarum latius sei)aratis, tertia luidata

D 2

20 FAMILY NVMril.Vl.ID.K.

sul)inaryiiiali, (iuai-ta(jiu' antciuaruiiiali iiii^ris ; linca jialliila inaruiiiali, postit-a- rum oclu-acca, medio mari;;iiiis aiitii-aniiu ct anvi apirali |)(»>ticariim iiigro-rusco nebulosis ; corpus cinoreo-l'usfiiin : exp. alar. iinr. 2, liii. '.).

Cluiacus, Vera Paz. (Ilayiie.J ? Coll. Salviii.

Tliis spucies is allied to T. Murpcssa, but may be distinguished I'luiu all the species of this j;i'ou]) by the diU'croiit form of the contral lines on the under surface.

PLATL' nil. SUB-rAMILY DANAIN.E. JJalcs.

( ; EX r.s EUPL( K.V. Ftihrn-ins.

J^itphvu Jcsnica, sp. iioi'.,Ji(j. 3.

S Akc supra uigerrimio purpiu'co vii-iditjiie ccrto situ nitontcs ; autieu) macula tcrminali discoidea, duabus majoribus approximatis discalibus, striisque duabus iuteruis iiavo-albidis ; 2)ostictc niaciilis .scptem discalibus intcciualibus in serie arcuata digestis, liavidis : corpus nigro-i'usciuu albo })nc2)uiictatum.

Alio subtus obscure olivaccis ; anticte maculis sex inediis iiticqualibiis flavo-albidis ; postictc serie luacularum velut supra, ])uuctis tribus mediis serie triangiilari digestis, pimctoquc ad basiu ilavo-albidis : corpus nigrum, tliorace albipuuctato : exp. alar. unc. 3, liii. 11.

Eidji Islands. (From Jlr. iriiilehj.J i , Coll. Druce.

This very interesting Eiiplaa is a key to the natural jiosition of its near ally E. Tiult^dikci li'oni Xew Ireland. In my monograph of Euplwa (Proc. Zool. See, p. 292, 18GG) 1 was obliged to make a distinct division for the reception of the latter species, whereas, had I possessed Eiq)lwa Jessica, I should have placed it with E. Ti-eit»:h/ici close to E. D'tamx.

FAMILY PAPILIOXID.E.

tSL'B-FA.MlLV PAIM LlOMX.K. Bates.

(IK-NTS PAI'II.K). FnbrU-im. Pajiilio Joes f.Jij.s. 1, J.

S Papilio Jocsa Butler, Entomologist (5. p. 3 IS (Octobor, 18(50).

AUe supra t-cruloie lutidissiniLL- certo situ viresccutcs vel purpurasrciites, area marijinali nigorrima, ciliis albo-variis ; antictc macula quadrata disco- ecllulari nigra ; plagis sex elongatis sericeis nigro-fuscis in venas jjositis ; striola suheostali apud apiceni all)ida squamosa : corpus fuscuni squamose viresceus, capite albid(j-puiK'tat(), autcnnis nigris.

AUe subtus area basali late picea ; antictc area apicali pallidc fuscescens fascia subtriangulari cum area basali contigua albido-squamosa ; plaga lunulari squamosa discoidali ocbreo-albida, margine externo nigrescente : postica' fascia media in-egulari interrupta, ochraceo roseoque squamosa ; area marginal! olivaceo-fusca, maculis septem, extrorsimi nigro marginatis, submarginalibus, primo et postremo aurantiacis aliis oclirco-olivaceis, omnibus introrsum mar- ginibus lilacino-squamosis : corpus fuseuni, ])edibus anterioril)us albicantibus : cxp. alar. unc. t, lin. 10.

Queensland. S , Coll. Druce.

This Ijeautiful species wm obtained through Mr. Whitely I'roin a small collection of (,)u<-eiislanil insects ; it is nearly allieil to /'. Utyssus of Amboina, but differs from it in the proportional liMi^jth of the wings, the greater width of its tails, and in several important colour di.stinotions on tin- under surface of the wings.

■22 I' \M\\.\ i'\ rii,iu\ Ml i:.

/' A ./ '/•/; / .\ . sru-iwM I L^ i'ii;i;iN.i:. /i,>/,:s:

MONOC.UAril (il-- Tin; C.KM-S CALI.IIiIJVAS with FIGUIIKS ok ITIK TVJ'K ai, FOKMS OK TlIK DIKKKIJKNI' spKCIES.

In till' ])rt'st;iit Monograph of this most ililiic-ult giouji of l!utt< rllies, I [nopose to give repre- sentations of both surfaces of such species, wliether previously ligureJ or not, as 1 can obtain. It is a fact to he much (leph:)re<l that in ahnost every instance in which Lcpidopterists have professe<l to represent botli sexes of a CdUidrijas they liave grievously erred. Jliil)ner, for instance, on one of his plates, figures the males of two species as sexes of one. Poey, again, in his little pamjihlet on the I.epiilo])tera of Cuba, gives Cramer's /'. MttrcHlina as the female of his new species C. Orbin.* Cnimer figures the male C. L'lrra as the female of C. Euhuh; and so on. These errors, therefoiv, render it exceedingly desirable that the true sexes of each separate species should be brought together npon one plate, and this it will be my end<'avour to effect in the present revision of the genus.

I'ti/)ilirt Castiih'u of Kabrii'ius is a member of the allied genus (inneptrri/j:.

GENUS CAl.l.lDK^AS. r,nig,hn;tl.

Hist. (Irii. ct Icon. Lc'p. ct Chen. Am. S(>|)t., p. 7."5 (182'.)).

1. Callidrija.^ Croralr, Jl'/s. 1, 2, .?, H.

$ Papilio Crocule, Cramer, \\\\). i]xot. 1, pi. 55, lig\s. C, D (177'.)). ? Papilio Jugurtha, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 2, pi. 187, figs. C, D (177'J). S Papilio Alcmeone, Fab. (nee. Cramer), Ent. Syst. 3, p. TOO, n. (iU (17'.)3). ? Colias Jiigurthina, Goclart, Ene. IMclli. IX.. p. •J5, n. 21 (181'.)). \-AY. 9 Callidryns VauVh-v, nol.sd. Voy. (1(> rAstrolabc, pi. 2, tigs. :;, 1 (1833).

Male. Wings above with the basal area yellow, the apical white, the external margui of the frontwings from near the base to near the anal angle black ; wings below yellow with whitish disc.

Female. Wings aliove bright yi'Uow, the frontwings with broad dentated marginal band, macular discocellular striole, .and seven to eight p.artially connected submarginal spots, brown ; base, greyish ; hindwings with broad dentated marginal band and live indistinct diseal points, brown ; base, reddish ; costa, white ; under surface glazed, rosy and yellow, the markings of the upj)er surface indis- tinctly seen through the wings : average expanse about .'5 inches.

• 'I'liis insist hna nothiiii; to ile witli .Swaiiisnu's f. Gnlartifinn.

I■.\M11.^ I'AIMI.IONID.K. 23

The specimens that I have exaniiin'il aio tVuin the loHnwiiij,' h)(:ulities — 9, Himalayaii, Coll. Driue; (?, Darjeeling, Coll. Walliiee ; 9, Wiizec'i-abail, Punjaub (JIij'tn»-ij) ; Aliiiorah ; Xejjal ( Wrlijhl) ; Hoiig- Koni; (llnrrimjion) ; Moiiliucin ; i, 9. Madras Coast, B. M. ; i, ?, Ceylon (TcmiAelim if Cumimj), also in Colls. W. W. Saunders and A. li. Wallace ; ^, Sumatra, Cull. Wallace ; ^, Borneo ( Lmce) ; cJ, 9, Sarawak (Unmhc ^- Loire), B. JF. ; $, Java, B. M, and Coll. Druce ; 9, Lonibock ; jj, 9, V\\\\. Islands, Coll. 'Wallace; i, 9. Batehian, Coll. Saunders; 9, Cerani, (Pfiiffcr,) B. M., also in Colls. Saunders and Wallace : 9. Moreton Bay, B. M.

Var. ('. Ember, As.K,ini ; Nepal, ( Wn.jht.) W. .M.

Viir. approaching V. Fhtvn ; 9i Ceylon, Coll. Saunders; i, (Queensland, Cull. Wallace.

This species is not identical with Cramer's C. Alcmeonc ; the latter being a Xew World species, and identical with the C. iSlutini S of authors. In Cramer's representation of his C. Juguriha, the iH:elloid spots are more strongly dehned than in any specimens of this insect which have passed through my hands.

( 'aptain A. M. Lang saj-s that this species frequents C'tthnrUiearpus jintitlu, an introduced plant ill nai-dens of the North Indian plains, but indigenous to the lower slopes of the Himalayan ranges, 2,000 to 5,000 feet Captain H. L. JJe la Chaumette observed it in gardens at Saugor ; he states that it is very fond of the outside branches of the " Babool " (Acacia arabici) : it is on the wing from Jnlv to November.

.?. C(i/l/(li\i/a.'i Flani, Jii/s. 4, o.

Callidryu.s i'lavii, liuller, Aim. .^ Mug. N;it. liist., S<t. 1, \ Ol. I, u. 21, p. 2U2 (1809).

Male. Wings above sulphur yellow, the apical area of tlie frontwings slightly paler ; the apical costa black, and the ncrvures towards the apc.\ tipjicd with bl.ick : below, sulphur yellow, the anal area of the frontwings whitish.

Female. Very like C. Kndecr, but snialli-r. yellower, and with tin- .sulnimininal .sind.-- nl llie fmntwings interrupted in the centre.

cf, Menado, Coll. Wallace ; r?, 9, Macassar, 1'.. M. and Coll, Wallace ; i, 5. Cerani ; i, Bal-hian, C.dl. Wallace.

9, Var. approaching C'" Crocile^, Celebes, Coll. W. W. Saunders.

9, \'>(r. with darker frontwings, Ceram, Coll. .Saunders.

This species may eventually turn out to be an extreme form of C. Crncalr. The male, however, can always Vie distinguished from yellow specimens of that species by its very narrow black costal border. C. I'liligeioi, on the contrary, cannot be thus separated from C. C'uh'll'i, for the latter species varies immensely in this very character, and the female of C. I'hieijcnx not being known, there remains nothing to distinguish it from yellow varieties of C. Cntilii.

21- lAMii/^ r vrii.KiNiD.r.

.7. i'al/iilri/d.s L'c/i/ld. Jifis. ; lo la.

0 P.-ipilio r;i1ill:i, Cramer, Pap. Exot. :?, \)\. 229. figs. 1), E (1781). $ P.t|.ilin Ifilai-ia, Cramer, Pap. Exot. I-. plato 3;W, fi^'s. A. B (17S2). (JPapilio Tilaiiia, Fabric'ms, Ijit. Svsl. Sii|i|il.. p. I's, n. (').").")-(; (17'.)S). /'"/•. ;■ C'allidrvas l'lil('i;vus, JJ'dlldcc. Trans. j]ii1. S:)c. I^ond. I, ;5r(l 8or., ])art ;>, ]). lOl (lS(i7).

Subsp. ? Papilio I'oniona, Fabriclu.s, Eiit. Syst. '•). ji. 21:!, ii. (id.") (1702).

Mule. Above very siiniUir to ('. Crocale, Imt with the apnx more acute and with a smaller dark margin ; below silky, with rosy outer margin ; the frontwing.s with silver centred rosy spot at end of cell, and three to four ol)li(juely placed strioles between upper meilian and discoidal branches; hind- wings with two connected silver centred rosy spots at end of (^ell, and six to seven discal lunules forming an arc round them.

Fcnvde. Above briglit sulphur yellow ; the fr. mtwiugs with broad dentated marginal bau<l. interrupted waved striolate discal band, and subgeminato discoeellular spot ; hindwings generally with orange tinged outer margin, the internervular folds terminating in blackish spots ; below golden j'ellow, the margin slightly deeper coloured, a rusty irregular jiatoh ternunating the cells of both wings and enclosing two connected silver centred ocelloid spots ; frontwings with rusty discal band answering to that of the upper surface ; liimlwings with throe black centriid orange discal lunules. one below eacdi of the median branches.

Specimens from the following localities have j)assed through my hands — $, Imlia, Colls. Druce and Wallace ; $, ?, Silhet, Colls. 15. JI. and W. AV. Saunders ; $, Wuzeerabad (Hear, ey), B. 'M. : cj. Central India, Coll. Saunders ; 9, Bengal, Coll. Druce; i, ?, Calcutta, ( Ilnnlini-l.-e) : Mouhnein ; tJ, Nepal, (Wn'rj/if); 9, Ceylon, (Templeton,) B. M. ; i, Malacca; 9, Mount < iphir, ( ul. AVallace ; 9, Penang, B. M. ; <?, Sarawak, (Lown,) B. JI. ; i, ?, Coll. Wallace ; .Tava, Colls, li. :M. and Druce ; S, 9, Philippine Islands, Bouru, and Timor, Coll. Wallace ; 9, Champion Bay, ( Du lioiihiij): i, Pocking- ham Bay, (McGIIHryaii) ; $, 9, Moreton P.ay, B. M. ; i, (.lueenslaiid. CnJI. Wallace.

V<it: ('. l'hl,;,rns, $, Bomliock, Coll. Saunders; Timor. Cull. Wallace.

,S"/«y'. /'. I'nuinmi, 9, Moreton l!ay, ( DiiUllr"), B. M.

The commoner form of the female li;us no rusty blotche-: upon the under surface of the wings, but the blotthc^d form being the typo of the species I have felt bound to ligure it, though it is not so much like the male. The species, according to Captain Lang, freipionts Cath'irlacnriiiiji Jisiiihi.

FAMILY NYMPHALID^.

SUIM'AM I I.V N V M I'll ALINJi:. Bates.

GKXUS I'lIAKAXES. Ochsenheimcr.

PLATE X.

1. Ch(t raxes Pelk(s,Ji(j. 5.

I'apilio I'clias, Cnnnrr, l\i]). Hxot. I, pi. 3, tis^s. C, I) (177">)-

Hrilupa I'clopia. IIiiJj)icr, \ rr/.. bok. Sclimclt. p. 17. ii. 12 I- (181(5).

Atlinis C. Satiirno, minor ; al;t' antic;e supra maculis in fasciam niii^ris, ad vi'iK.m suhmediaiiam attiniiciitihiis ; posticic eaiidis multo In-ovioribus, intpriia ciirvata; lascia media ad aiii^uliim ani attiugente ; maculis submargimilibiis \ i.\ albifantibus, maculis discalibus ca'ruleis minoriI)us ; altc subtus fuudo griscD. maculis striisquc ba.'Jalibiis obsciirioriljiis ; lascia auticarum alba extrorsiim recta, posticarum ajuid aiiu,ulum ani latiore, maculas duas nigras includcntc : maculis pone fasciam nigrcscentibus, anticarum multo maj(n'ibus, ])osticarum minoril)Us; area discali ))()sticaruni I'uscesceutc ; macula ocellari auali multo majore : exp. alar. uiic. ;>. liii. 'J.

Cape of Good Hope. 5 , ? , Coll. Druee.

I tliiiik thiit the iliH'ercnccs given in tlic alwve conipaRitive description, aidtd by a ligiire <>f till' undrr surface, will be enough to convince any unprejudiced entomologist tliat ''. Fflia" is totally distinct from ('. Siiturnug.

26 FAMH.V NVMI'll M.ID.K.

?. Chara.vcs F/ir(wrieii,Jif/. 0.

Charaxes riiraorlcs, H. Buiibleclci/. Ann. & ISIag. Nat. Hist.. 1st Scr. xx., p. Cm (IS.-)?).

'' Cli. alis onuiihus siqira I'uh is, iiii;r(i linihatis inaculatisqiic, anticis scric marginali piuK'tonini, posticis lunularuni fulvarunu sul)tus saturate fld^'is, fascia media altcraque subniaryinali argcnteis, niaculis plurimis, viitisque luimcrosis niij,Tis art;entc() cinctis : oxp. alar. JA uiic. vel. IIG mill." — Duiibl.

.Mada-asc-ar (type). Coll. B. :\I.

This magnificent Charaxes lias hitherto been unfi'mied, it is allied to C. Saluniux.

3. Charaxes Dniccunus, fuj. 4-

6 Charaxes Driieeanus, Butler, Cistula Entomologiea, I, p. 4 (October, 18(59).

S Charaxes Cinadon. /fcici/soii, Eiit. Month. Mag. vi., j). 177 (-Tanuarv, (1870).

Affinis C. Eudoxo, vix diftert supra a C. Ci/i/thia ; ala; subtiis i-uleseeutes anticaj costa argentea ; area basali maculas (juatuor discoideas et quatuor dis- eales nigresceutcs argenteo-einctas iueludente, a fascia lata argentea continua limitata ; hac apud costam bifurcata ; area anali fulvo-varia, a serie niacularum subocto uigraruni submarginalium (a linea 2)lunibea extrorsum ciuctarum) limitata ; alfie posticie area basali rufeseente, argenteo strigosa (strigis lineas nigras ineludentibus) et a fascia lata argentea limitata ; margine cxterno fulvo, linea tenuissima marginali argentea; maciilis sej)teni I'erruginosis, argenteo cinctis, cxtrorsiiin uigro fasciatis, in serie irregidari discali ])ositis ; macula anali ocellari ])]umbea nigro-cincta : corpus ferrugineo-fuscum, palpis lateraliter albjs, anlcniiis nigris : exp. alar. unc. .">, lin. ."(.

FAM ll,^ ^^^l i-ii \i,i n i:.

Old Calabar, Cull. Diucc ; Tort Natal, Coll. Wind.

The type of this .siiocies was in the Kadfii Collection ; it is nearly allidl to C. Eiuliixim, but is much more bcjiutifully ailoriuMl with silver ujion the under surface, all the markings rendered as white in my figure are brilliant silver in the insect : this species, like all the other Cli'n-ii.n'g, is stated to bi- exceedingly rapid on the wing.

4. Chani.vcs Zeplnirus, F'uj. 1.

d Charaxcs Zcplivrus. Biiller, Cistula Entoiuoloii'ica, 1, \). .'> (Octolici-. 1 S69).

Simillinms C. Echoni, supra area basali et subtus lundo toto pallidiovil)us ; fascia media supra flavida subtus albida, multo magis irrcgulari ; subtus niaeulis alarum posticarum discalibus multo pallidioribus et niiuoribus : e\]). alar. unc. 1^, lin. 10.

Iiilmbits — ? Coll. Kadcu iu Coll. Druco.

C. Zuilinrtia is another novelty of the Fahiim group ; though closely allied to <'. Echo, the longer inner margin of the posterior wings, the more irregular central baud, and tlie pale colouring at the base I the wing;', will at once distinguish it from that species.

o. C'hara.res Alludinis,Jl(j. 2.

^ Cliara.vcs AUadiuis, lUUlci'. Cistula Eutoui)logica, I, p. 5 (Uctobi-r. 1 S(59).

Abe supra nigrescentes, nitide c:erulco micautcs ; antica; area basali lerru- uiuosa ; macula ad eellu- angidum superioroni alba ; seric macularum (piincpie poue cellam roseo-alljaruui, maculisquo octo ejusdem coloris sul)iiiargiiialibus ; postictC fascia disco-submargiimli luiiuhiri nitidissime cjerulca, ad costain .ilbi- cante ; serie puuctorum octo alboruiii submargiualium ; fascia inargiuali, diiiiidio cujus apicali aurantiaco, dimidio anali vircscente; maruiuc ipso nigrf> : corpus uigro-fuscuiu : cx]). alar. unc. o, lin. ."J.

28 I'AMII.V NVMI'll AI.ID.K.

Inhabits r Coll. Ivadon \n Cull. Driu-c.

Thert' is no doubt that the above iiiagiulioent species is from Africa, and in all probability, like it.< allies C. Viola, C. Ephi/ra, and C. Kflieorks, it is from the West Coast. In appearance it is much like a female insect, but the abdomen is that of a male, and the colouring brighter than in the females of it-s allie.s.

G. Charaxes Bohemaiii,fig. 3.

,3 Charaxes BolKMnani, Folder, Wicn. Ent. Monatselir. Ill, p. '-Vl^- pi- <''. iig. 3 (1859).

1 ^NTajor of r()l)nstior ; al:r antica* fasc-ia poslinedia obliqua nivea : cxj). alar, unc. 3, liii. 10.

Zambesi, (J , ? , Coll. ilewitson.

I am indebted to Mr. Ilcwitsou for the pleasure of figuring this interesting female, which, like all its allies, is distinguished from the male by the conspicuous white band in the front \\'ings. The species appears to come near to C. Snuiragdalis, the female of which is figured at i)l. 2 of this work.

PLATE XL

SUB-FAMILY MORPITJN.E. Butler.

GENUS A.MATIIUSIA. Fahricius. Amothusia Otto»H()ia,fi(j. 1.

Amatlmsia Ottoniana, Bntler, Ent. Month. Ma^. VI., p. 55 (August, 18(59).

Abo supra fusca' area basali obsciiriove ; autica^ fascia luiiala disco-costali violacea; posticix^ cauda albo binotata : aki) sublus roseo-fusc;r, striis septeni anticis, sex posticis divergentibus, bruuueis ; occllis duobus permaguis, fusco oehreis : exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 5.

Sarawak. (Lowe.) Coll. Drucc.

FAMILY WMI'll MID i:.

I liiivp nanu'il this hnnclsoine species .1. Dtliimniin, because of llie lar;,'c lilac crescent on tlic frontwings ; it is alliedto .1. Ami/fhnnn, tlie unilersurf;ice of the wings bcinj; nearly llie same ax in llial species, but of a more rosy tint ami witli l.irger ocelli.

A fine species belonging to the allieil genns '/.•iij-iilin, and figureil by J)r. I'Vlilcr in tlie Iliise iler N'ovnri, Tab. LXII. lig. S, as Zeujriiliii ir^/A/c//, appears not to differ from my /Cnij-ii/in Annl/n/xfiix from Sumatra, described previously at p. 485 of the Proceedings of the Zoological Society for 18C."i. this species has come several times during tlie last few years from I'urnco.

SUBFAMILY HRASSOLIN.E. Jiaies.

CEXUS CALTGO. n»b„rr. Colif/0 Jle»iir/iro(t,Ji(/. 2. (J Caligo Hemicliroa, Butler, Cistula Kntomoloirica I.]). 3 (October, 18(59.

Ala' .supra area basali fusca ; antica? area submargiiiali nic,reseonte ; disco toto pone medium purjjuraseente ; macula subapicali geininata alba; mari^ine extorno ocbraceo-fusco : posticae disco pone medium ad uervulum fere primum modianuin ])urpuraseente ; areis siibmaririnali et anali niijrescentibus ; margine extcrno ocbraceo-fusco; plaga abdominali maculaquo ejusdem coloris ovali : corpus fuscum :

Al;e subtus fere velut in C. Automedone, fascia auteni sulibasali aiirea recta : exp. aliir. imc t, lin. '1.

Minas (ieraes. Coll. Druco.

Nearly allied to C. Automedon, which it somewhat resembles upon the under surface ; it is, however, more conspicuously coloured and with the straight subbasal band of a dead golden colour : the hind wings are longer than in C. Automedon.

FAMILY PAPILIOXID.E.

SUB-EAMILV l'Ji:i!l\.E. Hales.

GENUS (AI.I.II'IJVAS. Jiol^duu'il.

[Monograph continued.)

FLATJ^: AIL

4. C((llidri/as Gorf/ophoiic.Jif/s. 1 — 4.

Callidryas Goriiophono, ]?()isduval, Sp. (leii. Lrp. j). iV-Vl. n. 2(5 :1836). S Papilio Scylla, Fal)ricius (nee LiumBus) Syst. Ent. p. 175, n. 142 (1775;.

Male. Froiitwings above white, the base tinted with rosj', the outer niargiu witli sulphur yellow, a black disco-cellular point; the nervures tipped with black : hiudwiugs sulphur yellow with the outer area slightly deeper in colour ; the base tinted with ro.«y : wings below golden yellow : frontwings with the internal area wliite : a geminate rosy-centred spot at end of cell, a small brown scale-spot just above them and between the first and second subcostal branches and an angulated series of seven similar spots between the nervures on the disc ; hind wings with two ringlike spots jilaced obliquely just beyond the end of the cell ; a brown spot towards the base of tlic cell, a second at the origin of the first subcostal branch and two just below the origin of the fii-st median brantli ; seven brown bisinuate scale spots forming an irregular arc beyond tlie cell.

Feiiiuh-. Frontwings above white : the ape.\ and four sjiots terminating tlie nervures, brown : a series of seven discal brown spots beginning near the aiiex, forming an arc to the tliird median branch, and then continuing in an oblique line to the fold bet\\een the iirst median branch and the submedian ner\'ure ; hindwings suljihur yellow, the subcostal and discoidal nervures tipped with black : wings below nearly as in male, but the disco-cellular ring-spots larger and more ilistinct.

cJ, ?, Queensland, Colls. 1!. :M., J)ruce and Wallace; 9, X. W. Australia (l)ii /)'"(//«//), Clarence River {Stramjc), Moreton Bay (Dir/r/hn), 1!. jM. ; specimens also merely labelled Ne^^• Holland in Colls. J)ruce and W. W. Saunders. The above species seems to vary very little, the chief modifications th;it 1 have noticed are confined to the disco-cellular spots upon tlic under surface. Fabricius describes tlie species as follows —

"P. J). C. Scylla. A/is Intcijcrnmis, rotundulls jluvis : inilicis supra alhis : limbo niijro, siilttiis omnihiis iifhiilusis. — Habitat in Indin."

'J'hat the above is not the Linna'an 1'. ScyUn may b(; at once conchuled fVom the lacl that it is a modification of tlie Liunjean description which stands thus —

"P. ]). Scylla. Alis suhintegiTrimis rotundalis fiilris : jirinwrihits .sti/ini iilliis : /iinha idiirn. "iililus ijiitnibus iwbiilosis. — Ilnliit'd in Java."

IVMII.V PAIMI.IONIU.E. 31

J. CitUidriids Hindu, ,sp. nor. ^fif/fi. 0, la.

Callidrvas ThisoroUa ? , jrullace, Trans. Eiit. Soc. Loiul. ."Jnl Ser. IV. |). :59'.) ls()7).

Male. Unknown.

Female. AVings above niilky-wliitc, tinted with rosy at b:isc and outer margin of frontwings, the same wings with black disco-ceUular spot and two ill-defined scale-spots placed obliquely below the first and second subcostal branches.

Wings below wliitish, rosy tinted ; markings as in the wale of C. Gorgophone, but more faintly indicated ; a rose-red sjwt at the base of eat;h wing.

t^ueensland (ty])c). ('oil. Wallace.

This cannot be the female of C. ThUnreUa (C. AmanjUU F'ibr.). the latter is a si)ecies belonging to the ne.\t group, the females of whi(;h genei-ally have a deep black apical border to the frontwings : it is, I think, more likely to be a curious albino form of C. Gorgophonc, but since it dilfers from tlu- latter in form as well as colouring, I have felt obliged to consider it a distinct species.

G. Call'uh'ijas Sci/ll(i,jigs. 5, G, 7, S.

$ Papilio Scylla, Lintucus, Syst. Nat. II, p. 7G3, ii. 95 (1766). $ I'apilio Cornelia, Fabriciits, [Mant. Ins. p. 21, n. 229 (1787). i ^'al•. Callidryas Gorgophonc, ILeicilson (uec Boisduml), Gen. Diurn. Lopid, pi. 9, li-. 2 riSl.7).

Callidryas Etesia, Iletcilsoii, Exot. Butterl". 1, part 03, pi. Eron. et Callid., i'v-s. o, 0 (18G7).

.)fii/<'. Frontwings above white, rosy tinted at base, with deep black-brown dentate-sinuati^ marginal bordi-r, beginning very narrow upon the costa near the hase, widening to the apex, and then slightly narrowing to the submedian nerviire ; hindwings orange, with base and abdominal margin sulphur yellow : wings below almost exactly as in C. Giirijnplioiie.

Female. Frontwings above white, the Imisc and apical area rosy tinted ; a subquadrate ring-spul at end of cell (frequently filled in with black), the margin broadly black-brown as in male, but dentate

FA.M ll.\ I'M'I IKlMlt i:.

liustiito, with an angiilakMl scries of suvi'ii to eight subiiiargiiial irregular black-brown spots : hind wings orangi', generally paler tlian in male, and becoming sulphur j'ellow towards the base; five irregular ilianiond-ohaped black-brown spots terminating the nervures upon outer margin ; and four indistinct aiigulated scale spots between the nervures upon disc, ^^'ings below bright golden yellow ; frontwings with outer margin and apical costa broadly rosy, uniting near the apex with an irregular semi-connected iliscal series of Kvo to six rosy-brown spots; a large irregular rosy centred brown ring-spot at end of cell, and a small brown spot above it at origin of second subcostal branch ; hindwings with two ocelloid sih'cr-ccnti'eil sjiots jjlaced obliquely just beyond end of cell, and surrounded by an irregular circular si-rics of rosy brown s]iots, connected by rosy streaks from base to beyond middle of costa, continuing liiruugh the centre of disc to the submedian nervure and terminating in a ring-spot at the origin of the lirst iiieiliaii branch; outer margin rosy; the nervures black-tipped.

'I'he localities are as follows— cj, ?, Menado (P/nlffer), 1!. M. ; J, Coll. Wallace ; ^, Ternate, Coll. AValla.e ; (J, ?, Juvd (H<>r.-<jirl,l), V,. :^^., also in Coll. Druce ; J. Timor; ?, Lombock Coll. Wallace.

\'iii: C. Etcsiix, d, N. Australia {Ekeij) ; Champion Bay (Du Buulay) ; Port Essington, B. M.

9, V'tr. with frontwings dark, as in C. F/nni, but on a white ground; hindwings with spots, as in ordinary examples, but on a goldeu-yellow ground. Menado (Wallace), Coll. W. W. Saunders.

$, Albino. Frontwings with brown margin, as in male specimens, a few very indistinct sub- marginal spots towards apex ; hindwings yellowisli white with yellow tinted margin, nervures brown- tipped : wings below rosy, markings very indistinct. — t Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druc<\

C Scijlln is a much niori> varialilc species than C. Gorr/ophone, the males even ditl'ering con- siderably both on the iippi-r and under surfac(^s ; a striking variety of this sex (which I regret to say cannot rank as a distinct species) has been figured as C Etrxin by Mr. Hewitson, who gives the following as the characters by which it may be distinguished from C. Sctjlla, namely, that it is " of paler colour and spotless on the undersiile." In the British Museum wo have a male agreeing exactly with Mr. Ilewitson's ligure, from Port Essington; a second from X. Australia, which has both of the characters mentioned above, Lut dilfers from C. Elesia in having the black border of the ujiper surface dentate-sinuate as in C. Sci/lla ; and a third from Champion Bay, which has the black border of ' '. Elcatd but the under surface of C. IScyllu, tlie markings being all strongly delined. Even the brighter golden orange upon the upper surface of the hindwings will not serve to distinguish this form, since the specimens from Cidebes are generally darker in tint than those from Java ; and a female in Mr. Wallace's collection from Lomboek has the hindwings of tlie same tint with that of C. Etesin.

Eabricius describes his C. tjornrlla as " alls rotundatis intcgerrimis fulvis : anticis sujira albis, margine nigi-o. Habitat Tranquebaria;,'" thus discriiuiiiatiiig between it and his C. Sct/tht, the description of which 1 have given under C. Goir/ojilioiic

The larva of G. Scijlla, according to Dr. llorslield, feeds on various sjiecies of Cassia, particularly ''. Fistula and C. Ohtmifolia,\)\x\, is occasionally found on other plants. It is most abundant in the .?arly part of the rainy season.

The larva and ])upa are figured on ])1. 1 of llic lirst vohinn' of llorslield and Moore's Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the East India Company.

FAMILY PAPILIONID.E

srii-FAAnLY rAPTLTONTX.E. Bates PLATE ATTT.

CENT'S I'APILTO. F.,l,n.-!iis. I. Pap'dio Zanoii, Juj. 1.

P:i|)ili(i ZaiKiii, llntlei-, Eiit. Mouth. Mag-, vol. ('), p. ."jO. ri. 2 ISC').)

Ala' sii[)ra I'lisca'. area basali obscviviore : antica^ nitidc caTiilrsccnlcs, pimcto (lisfoideo ct (juiiuiuo disealibus in serie avcuata, pallidc lilaciiio- cseruleis ; puiictis oeto siil)margiualilnTS albis ; postica' pimcti.s .sex subinai- i^inalibus albis; ala' siibtus pallidiores, autiea' pvmctis oeto, postica' sc[)tciu (scptimo puiictulo adjuncto minutissimoj albis : corpus uigro-rii>;i'imi. allin- l)unc'tatuui : cxp. alar. uuc. k liu. 2.

Sarawak. (Loicej. $ , Coll. Druce.

ViTv liki- h'/ijiliiii C'lllifh'ii' of N'ciitlR'iii Iiiilia. wliicli |)rol)alilv has its iviiifsi'iitulivi- in r.iiiiiio

;^. Ff(jjili(j Kerosii, Jhj. .'.

Papiliu Xcrosa. lintler, Eut. Mouth. Mwy. vol. (!. p. ■•."., u. 1 l^idS);.

Ala' supra fiiscu', auticiu obscunores purpurasrcutt-s ; autiea puucto dis- roidali, aliis <piiu(pio aroa* apicalis subirar^iualibus dilutioribus, striolis quatunr

;U ^A.Mll.^ i'aimmumd.t:.

rjiisdcni (•(iloris iudistinctis iiitcnici'vularibus pone eellam positis ; posticEe piiiiftis (luul)us sul)upif:ilibus albis : alu' subtus fusctc, anticic puuctis septcm posticic sex submarginalil)us all)is ; corpus nii;ro-faseuin, allio punetatum : exp.

alar, iiiic. ;5, lin. 8.

Sarawak. (Lowe). c? , Coll, Drucc.

Alli<'<l t<i /'. P'lnclii.ea, appears to be an iiuitaticMi ut' Kiiphea Aiiiynionf wliidi it closely lesi-mljles on the upper surface of the wings.

3. Fapilio Jiiihi, jUjs. 3, 4- Papilio Juda. Butler, Ent. :M(mtb. :\Iac^. vol. U, p. 50, n. ;5 (180');.

P. Tclearclio pcrsimilis scd minor ; alio antica; niaciilis sex tantum in serie (liseali uun-ulescentibus : posticte maris punctis (piiuqiie siibmarginalil)us albis ; in striis liastatis cau'iileis inclusis, feminte striis subseptem nigris, puncta sai^ittiformia alba includentibus ; subtus pimctis minima violascentibus : corpus ni^•rum albo punctatum : exp. alar. S , uiic. 15, lin. 11 ; 9 , unc. t, lin. .">.

Sarawak. (Lowe). ij , ? , Coll. Druce.

A local rei)ivsi?iitative of /'. Ti'lrarchax and like it closely ri-.-cnihling' the sexes of Kuplmi Mi'i'iniiiii.

The species above described are chietly interesting a.s belonging to a group, the inenibci-s of which are all close copies of different species of Euphra ; they differ structurally from the tyjje of Pajn'/io in the narrow compressed fnrni ol' the himlwing cell and in their shorter, more slender and less curved aiil.^una'.

FAMILY r.vriMONID.T:.

SUB-FAMILY PIERINyE. Bales.

GENUS CALTJDRTAS. BoMuval.

(Monograph contmued. ]

PLATE XV.

7. CalUdryas Evangelina,figs. 1, 1, 3.

5 Callidryas Evangelina, J5«^/(?>-, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, p. 1, pt. 11, n. H (March, 1870).

Callidiyas Minna, Wallace, (nee. Herbst), Trans. Ent. Soc. 4, 3rd Ser. p:. 3, p. 100, n. 1 (November, 18G7.)

Male. Wings above white ; froatwings with very minute discocellular stride ; the apical half of costa, apex, outer margin and outer half of nervures, black ; liindwiugs with narrow, interrujited, squaraose, brown margin. Wings below white, the costal half of frontwings and the whole of hindwings tinted with pale yellow, and striolated with pale brown, and with somewhat macular, arched, discal band of the same colour.

Femuh. Wings above white, marginal banding wider and paler tlian in male, in frontwings considerably widened from end of costal nervure to third median branch so as to enclose iive more or less distinct white spots; base dusky; discocellular striolc enlarged. Wings below paler than in male, markings obsolete.

Localities— $, Flores, ColL Wallace ; ?, Flores (W'tllnce) Coll. W. W. .Saunders ; V, v.ir. with narrower black margin, nervures not blackened. IJaly Island (Wnllace), Coll. W. W. Saunders.

This species maybe distinguished from small specimens of C. Chri/seis by the more rounded apex and outer margin of its frontwings, the narrower and more regular brown border, (the macular expansion of which in the female only e.'ctends to the third median branch), the greater extent of black on the nervures of male, and the paler tint of the under surface.

8. Callkh'iifis Cfi)yse/s,j!y.<(. 4, 5, 0, 7. <J PapUio Chryseis, Dritnj, III. 1, pi. 12, figs. 3, t, (1770). S , ? Papilio Alcyone, Cramer, Paj). Exot. 1, pi. 58, figs. A — C, (177'J).

Male. Wings above white ; frontwings with blackish co.sta widening towards the apex into a broad marginal black band, wliich tapers suddi.'nly from the third median branch to the subniP<lian

3U lAMii.v r.vru.ioMD.E.

iii'miit) ; an elongate disco-cellular black si)ot : hindwings with a narrow sqnamosc marginal blackish bonier. Wiiigs below whitish, the costal half of frontwings, and tiie whole of hindwings tinted with yellow and striolated with ])ale brown ; hindwings with an obsolete disco-cellular point.

FfiiHik. Wiiigs above yellowish white; frontwings with broad costal and ext<3rniil brown border, that of the outer margin denUjted on its inner edge, and widened from costa to second median branch so as to enclose three >>r four white spots; hindwings with elongate squamose brown spots as termination of nervurcs : wiiigs l)elow almost as in male.

Tiie localities are as follows — J, X. India ; tJ, 9, -Vssam, B.^I. ; India, Coll. Druce ; ^, Bengal li.-M. ; ^, 9, Formosa, Coll. Wallace; 9, Moulmein, B.M. ; S, Sumatra, Colls. Wallace and Saunders ; i, Singapore, Coll. Wallace, 9, ^lanilla, Coll. Saunders; Philippines, (CumhigJ B.^I. and Coll. AVallace; 9, Port Stephen, ( MnciinUrndj) V>.y\. : <^)ueenslan<l. Coll. Wallace; New South Wales, Coll. Saunders.

Drury remarks of his /'. Vhrijiscis that ''it seems to be a distinct species from that described by Linna'us, in his Syst. Nat. page 763, No. 1)8 ( Pijranfhe) there being no red or silver spots on the underside," there is no doubt that he is right in this conjecture, doubtless the P. Pyranihe of Linnreus is the species both sexes of which are figured by Hiibner under the name of Mtmclpiura fugax Mlnii'i (Samml. Ex. Schm. 1, pi. 114), and identical with the P. Minna of Herbst it Jablonsky.

,9. CallhlryaH Pyranihe, fujs. 8, 9, 10.

S Papilio ryiaiitho, L'nuucus, Syst. Nat. 2, p. 703, u. 1)8 (1766).

? Papilio Miuna, lleib.st, Natuvsyst. Scliinott, .") — 7, p. 71, n. 0; pi. 89, figs. 1, 2 (1792).

Var. S Papilio Ilea, Fabncius, Eut. Syst. Siii)])!. p. Ii'l, 11. o^l — 588 (1798).

S Callidryas Thisorella, Boisdiw(tl, Sp. Gen. Li'p. 1, ji. (i29, n. 3 (1830). Giant Race S Papilio Ncphte, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. 3, p. 190, n. 588 (17915). Callidryas Chryseis, var. Gnoma, Butler, Eabr. Cat. p. 221, n. 11.

Mnh. W'ings above white, frontwings with black disco-cellular sjjot, the apical part of costa. ajiex and outer margin to below second median branch black ; tlie marginal l)oi<lcr narrower and more distinctly dentated than in 6'. Erunfjil ina or C. C/mjseis.

Win;,'s lielow ('(douieil almost as in tiie male of C. f 7//7/*-/.< but paler and witli a re<Ulisli disco- iclliilar iii;|,'-spot ill all tlie wind's.

lAMIl.V PMMI.IONID.i;. 37

t'l'iitnlr. Wings aliov.- almost as in ('. I'/iri/H'is 5, luu with a.l.liti.inal wljito sputs .mi niar;,'inal border.

Wings below yellowisli and (with the exception of tlie internal area of the frontwings whicli is white), striated with pidc brown ; frontwings with a small disco cellular ring-s]xit, and beyond it an angulated series of pale brown striie ; the extreme outer margin orange ; hindwings with three more .or less distinct central silver ring-spots, and beyond them an irregularly arched series of rcdilish or orange spots ; nervures minutely black-tipped.

Localities — J. Darjeeling, Coll. Wallace; Wuzeerabad (IlearseyJ B.M. ; Central India, Coll. W. W. .Saumlors : (Vvlon (Tiii>i>lii,w ), q, (Cuminij) V,.y[.. \ S, Fovmosn, Coll. Wallace; Java, Coll.

I'nic.-.

Var. /'. y //'/—/, Wuzeerabad ( l[<-iirsi'ij) : ( 'i-yloii (Ciirnhm), 9, (Temiilelim), H.M. ; ,j, India Coll. W. W. Saimdci-s.

Race. P. Niiihl,; i. 5, Hong-Kong (Lnrlnn) B.M.

The caterpilLir and chrysalis of ('. Pijrmi'hf are tignred in .Mr. Monn-'s Catalogue of the t.epidoptera of the Rast India Company, jd. 1, figs. f<, Sa.

Herr (Jeorge Semjjer describes the caterpillar, wliich frequents C'«.»-/'( _nstuhi and C ucci,/, iifulif as yellowish green with a black and yellow lateral stripe, the i)upa rests seven days, this species has been reared by Capt. Lang who funud it on Ca-fgin torn ; the perfect insect, according to Mr. Swinhoe, is abundant amongst rank and ovei-grown herbage.

The variety I'. lien of Fabricius differs from the typical form on the uppcrside, in its extremely narrow marginal border, below in its uniform colouring and more distinct disco-cellular .spots : the race /'. Xei>/ite (wliich I unfortunately confounded with 7'. (liiiniut, when determining the Fabrician .species of Cullidnjiiii for my Catalogue) differs only in its mucli greater size, in whicli respect it agrees with C. PJin/iiis, the pattern of both surfaces being however precLsely as in ('. Pi/r'Hiflii:

F A ^SllhY N Y :\r P H A L I D.E

SUB-FA:\L11A" SATYili^.E. JJatcs. PL AT J:: A' in.

GENUS ANCHIPHLElilA. Bulhr. Ancliiphlebia Ornata, j'uj. 5.

Anchiphlebia Ornata, Butle)', Ann. & Ma-. Nat. Hist. 4th S., 5, p. 362 1870^.

? Ala* supra fuscie ; anticje ocellis quatiior perniagnis ovalil)us oonnoctis nigris, albo pupillatis, ochraceo diffuse cinctis : posticae maculis quincpic counectis, in serie arcuata dispositis, (pupillis plus minus distinctis albo squainosis) caenileis, nigro cinctis, ochraceo limbatis ; fundo area? apicalis lilacino ; corpus fuscum.

Alse subtus ochreto, velut in i. llela striatte : exp. alar. uac. 3, liu. 3.

Cayenne. (Deyrolle). ? , Coll. Druce.

The most beautiful species of tliis Genus j'et desuiibed, in llie iiiaikiiij,' of the frontwings it cornea ui-ar to several species of the allied Genus Antirrham.

FAMILY ERYCINID^

SUB-FAMILY ERYCININ.E. Bates.

PLATE XIV.

GENUS LYMNAS, Bhinchard. Lymnas Jcs.sr, Jiff. s.

Lyuinas Jesse, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1th S., 5, p. 303 1870).

Ahp subhyalinfB, lilacino-tinctoe ; venis oinnilius late nigrescentibus ; antiea; dimidio apicali niavginibusque nigrcsc'entil)us ; fascia puuctoquc ante apicom maiginos hand attingcntibus albis; posticaj uiargine externo uigrescente: corpus fuscum, palpis aurantiacis : ahe subtus albicantes, aliter velut supra : cxp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 11.

\'enezuela. ? , Coll. Kadeu in Coll. Druceaud in Coll. B.M.

For some time I was unct-rtaiii as to the true affinities of this species, but at last it struck lue that it might Ix; aii abnormally coloured Lymnas, which, upon comparison, it proved to be : in the Kad(tn Collection I found it labelled as the IlhominpsU hoViconidcs of Herrich-Scliaffpr. to which it bears a distant resemblance, it is more like the female of Uraiieis hijalimi.

GENUS LYKOPTERYX. Wcsl>cw.d. rjijroplcrji.r Oliria, Jiff. 2.

Lyropteryx Olivia, Hiitler, Ann. Sc Ma'^. Xat. Hist. Itli S.. .'>, ]». 30) t (1870).

Ala' supra nigrtc : anticaj fa.scia macnlari, mcdiocri, ant,'ulata, a costa ad tnrvulum secundum mecUanum oblicjuc ciu'ronte, liinc autem niaririnnii

JO FAMii.v kkvciniij.t:.

(•(ifciuoa : posticnc fascia cjusclom coloris paululmii latiurc luart^iiiali, a vonis niijris iiitersccta et introrsum dcntat.i ; t-orpus luscum, abdorainc pallidiorc ; cdUo annqiie rufcscentil)us : alie subtiis palUdioros, venisdistinctiorihus ; maculis hasalibus focriuois, volut in L. AppoUonia ? pusitis : cxp. alar. unc. 2, lin. .">.

? ? , Cull. Kailcn in Coll. Drnce.

Differs from the female of L. ApoUonin, to which it is allied, in having the scarlet band carried tlirou'di the frontwings and the spots towards the base on the under surface without any lilacinc a-Uectiou.

GENUS EMESrS, Fabrinu^.

J^iiK'sis Zcla, Ju). 1.

EmesisZela, Bittlcr, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Itli S., f), p. 8(J1 ISyo .

$ AUx* supra fusc;o, characteribns basalibus, linoa angulata pono inodiuin iMtorrui)ta lineaque indistincta duplici submar^inali, nigro-fuscis ; posticu* striolis basalibus lineisqiie tribus intcrruptis discalibns nigro-fuscis; plaga subapicali aiu-autiaca; corpus fuscum : ake subtus fulvte, striolis indistinctissimis fcrrugineis ; area interna anticanun pallidiore nigro mnculata : oxp. alar. unc. 1. lin. 7.

? Alic supra fiilvo-fuscnc, cbaracteribus basalibus lineisque tril)us ma- cnlaribus discalibns, nigris : subtus pallidiores, fascia angulata j)onc nicdiuia anticaruni ilaviilii : maculis marginis interni nigris, aliis fcrrugineis : ('X|). alar. unc. 1, lin. 5.

Venezuela. <J , ? , Coll. Druce. Mexico. Coll. J^.^l.

One of the prettiest species in this very sonihre Genus.

GENUS CPIAKIS. HUbner. Char is Lib)} a, Jig. 1.

Cbaris Libna, Biinrr, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. Itli S., 5, p. 301 (1870).

AUc supra flavidsf , stria basali, costa et area cxtiM-na fuscis, stria ante- niarginali plumbea; antica; macula ante apicem et altera minore subanali flavidis; posticai macula suba])icali llavida ; corpus fuscum ; nl;e subtus fere velul supra

iAMii/\ i;i:v( iMu.K. n

macula autoni ])osticarum siil)a))icali l()ll^•i()^(> s1fi()la(|m' aiiali distiiicta al1)i(la ; coriuis all)icans : cxp. alar. uiic. 1.

Mexico r S , ("oil. Kadcii in (.'oil. Driioe.

This inst'tt is ivmarkiiblc fur its reseinblancu tn suvt-ral ol' tlic spucii's nl' /Im.li.i . 1 liavc seen nc Mther r/i'iri^ liki- it.

GENUS AKICOKl.S. Urc^lirooU. Arlcnrh Jannoni, fuj. 5.

Aricuris .laiisoui, Ihillcr, Cistula Eiitomoloi^'ica 2, p. 31 (1870).

S AIju supra fere velut in ./. IjH<jo, majores et ad basiu virescentcs ; a])icf ])Osticaruin lathis uigrescente : subtus fixscse, autictu ))laga basali a vena c(jstali intersocta, diiabus pone medium (fasciam intcrrnptam forinantibus; a vcnis intersectis, albis ; posticai areis basali et apicali albidis ; vcnis nigrcseentibus : •\p. alar. unc. 1, lin. 9.

i AUi" supra fere velut in A. Lutjo, majores et area basali uitide eterules- eeiites ; subtus fusctc, cupreo-tinctic, albido venoste ; anticie fascia postmedia obliqua ocbrea ; postieie eosta basali oclireo-albida ; niargine oxterno albo (piadriniaculato : exp. alar. unc. 1, liu. 9.

Chontales (E. .11. Jaiimn). Colls. Drucc .t \^^\.

Tliis species, tlioiigh allied to A. LaijiDs, difl'ers entirely on the under surface of the wings, above it is more brilliantly shot with blue, which in the male is of a greener tint than in A. Lin/U": it i* named after its captor.

GENUS ST.VLACII'J'IS. //>,h,u;:

Sliihtclilin Ei-cHnci,Ji(j. 0.

Stalachtis Evelina, Bntler, Ann. A: Mag. Nat. ilist. Itb S., .'), p. ^n.") l^Tn .

Affinis .v. ' Fhcedusw, maculis autem anticaiiim liyalinis latioribus cl omuino majoribus ; areola solum interna violacoa ; striola anali aurantiaca tenuiore ; costa i)osticarum late i'lisca et liu(>:i inafu'iiKili ;iiiianliaca tcnuissinia ; corpus fuscum : exp. alar. line. 1, lin. 11.

? ij , Coll. Kadrii ill (oil. Dniec.

Allied to S. I'h'iiluxii butdillering in many ]iartirul;iis.

FAMILY LYCJEl^IBM.

SUB-FAMILY TIIECLIN.E. Butler.

GENUS MYKTNA. Fahricius. Mijrina Tlmon, J'ujs. 3, A.

Papilio Timon, Fahricius, Mant. Ins. p. 05, n. (ill (1787).

Myrina Timon, Btttlcr, Cat. Fabr. Diiini. Lep, p. 183, n. !•, rl869).

" Akc anticto supra fuscre, basi virescente ; subtus albne, apice ol)scuriorcs ; posticse viresceutes apice obscunc albo-maculattc ; cauda) trcs, extoi'iori pai'va, (jbtusa, nigra, albo-ciliata, intermedia longiori alba, ante apicem nigra, interiori longissinia alba ; subtus albsc ad angidum ani striga abbreviata fusea fasciaquc sanguinca, maculis duabus atris." — Mant. Ins.

Old Calabar. Coll. Urucc.

This verj' interesting Fabrician species, has never before been figured ; indeed, until the publi- '■al ion of my Catalogue the name P. Tmo?i was applied to a perfectly distinct insect: I am indebted for the identification of P. Timon to my cousin, ^liss J. K. Lorimer, eldest daughter of the late Dr. i.orimer, of (ilasgow, and to John Gibson, Esq., also of Glasgow, who sent me a sketch and description of the type in the Ilunterian Collection.

F\ M I !.^ I'A IM LIOXID.E.

SUIM'A.MILY l'li;i;i.\.i;. Ji>,/r.s:

CENUS rAl.MDItVAS. Jl„Mur>,l.

[Monograph continued.]

I'LATi: AJ'f.

10. C'(illi(lri/(ffi Gnoiiitt,Jif/.s. 1, .', .J, 4.

5 Papilio (Tiioiua, Fabricim, Syst. Eiit. App. p. 828, 11. l.')2-].j;i, (1775). ? PapUio Philippiua, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 1. pi. 361, figs. C, D, (1782).

Muh;. Wii-.gs above white ; froutwings with small black disco-celliilar spot and small brown marginal spots ; hiiidwiiigs unspotted : wings below as in sonic males of 6'. Pijnnillii' but with tin- markings better dclined.

Frmnlc. Wings above white, niai'gins vellow-washed , froutwings with basal costa brownish ochreous ; .1 lat;ge round disco-cellular black s|)ot and reddish brown maculate marginal border : wings bdiiw as in some females of (.'. I'l/rnutlie but the markings bolder and much better deliin'd.

1 have examined specimens from the following localities —

9, Aflghanistan, VkM. ; cJ, N. India, ("oil. Wallace, 2, B..M. ; S, 9, India, Coll. K. IJrown ; cJ, ? runjaub, li.M. ; 9, Hong Kong, Coll. Hewitson.

9 ^'ar. resembling (J on upper surface, Ceylon, li.M.

Captain Lang caught C. Glioma on tlie llimalaviis and Plains, and reared the larva on Ch^xIh t'lrn : Captain H. L. De la (.'hauraette states that it occurs also on C. On-idimt<ilis, he found the larva on the 13tli .September and describes the transformations (Knt. Month Mag. 2, p. .36) as follows — Larva "Length U inih, cylin<lrical, elongated, attenuated at both ends, rough, covered all over (particularly Mil the sides) with black sliglitly rai.sed spots, forming, on the upper side of the broad pale j-ellowish lateiid line, a dark border. Dorsal artery plaiidy visible. The back strongly transversely ringed on f.ii'h incision with deep furrows, giving it rather a crested appearance. Abdomen, head, anus, and [irolegs pale dull green. Uody above grass-green, dark. Tlioracic legs pale yellow. Head si)otted like the rest of .the body, spiracles cream colour. .Slow in its movements. It went into chrysfdis on the 1 Itli September, ISG-t. (,'lirj'salis, very delicate green, with a narrow stniw-coloured lateral line from the anus to the eighth segment. After eight days the marginal pinkish sjiots of the imago wen- distinctly visible under the wing covers. Came out on the 21th September, 1864. Egg spindle- -hapcd, perfectly white, fastened by one end to the under surface of the leaf, several on one leaf, placed ipart."

11. C'(illii/i-i/ii.s fjdclcd, Jif/s. ■', G, 7.

6 , ? Callidryas Lat-tca. Jintlcr, Ann. iV Mivj;. Nat. Hist. Itli S., .">, p. .'5(;i (1870).

S Callidryas Tliisovolla, (part) Tf'alldcc, (ncc. JJoisd.) Trans. Ent. Sw. Lond., .".rd. St-r.. IV., [.. :','.)'.» (1807).

II FAMILY PAIMT-IOMD-K.

.\[iih . Wiiij,'s aliovc inilky-wliite ; frontwingi? with tlio ajiex sometiiiK's tinticl wiili lnuwii, tlio iiiTVUivs towiinls ii|icx ti])]ie(l witli lirown ; hase of witi^js slightly rosy-liiitL'<l, ii iiiiiiutc disco-cellular lirown spot ; hinJwings unspottcil ; the usual incaly jiatrli upon disi-.

Wiiifis bi'low pale oehraceous, hatfliiHl with brownish ochreous, rosy tinti'il at bivse ; a minuto liiiiwiiish ilisco-rc'llular ring-spot : froutwings with Iho internal area whitish.

Femah: ( icncrally ouly to be distiuguislnMl fruni mule by the larger disco-cellular spot on upper surliiee of froutwings, but in the example figured it diH'ers also in the well-defined brown sjiots at termination of nervures on outer margin ; and below in the brighter ochraceous ground colour with ill-defined disco-cellular ring-spots.

The localities are as follows — S, 5, Solomon Islands ( liniifldcii ) : $, Australia (Slnfchburij) ; 5, Champion Bay (Da Boulaij) B.M. ; $, Queensland. Coll. Wallace, $, li.M.

'I'he above sj)ecies seems to sujiply the place of C. Gnoma in Australia.

12. CuUidryas Pi/rene, fi(j.s. S, 0, W. S , ? Colias Pyreuc, Sicainson, Zool. 111., l.st Ser., pi. 51 (1820-1). Callidryas Jloiclla, Boisdiiccd, (iiec. Fabriciiisj, Sp. Gcii. Lrp. ], p. (508, n. 2 (1830).

Afdic. Wings aliiivc milky-white ; froutwings with exce(><lingly narrow brown marginal Ijorder from beyond middle of costa to middle of outer margin ; a very minute disco-cellular brown jioint ; hindwings with usual mealy patch ; the outer margin of all the wings very feebly yellow-tinted.

"Wings below, pale yellowish or greenish ocliraceous, hatched with brownish; base rosy: front - wings with red disco-celhUar ling spot ; three indistinct brown spots in an oblique line from second median to first discoidal nervure ; hindwings with red disco-cellular ring-spot ; five indistinct brown spots forming a bracket-shaped line between subcostal and median branches.

Localities— <J, 9, Interior of S. Africa (Bnrlr), B.M. ; $, S. Africa, Coll. Wallace ; S, i\Iadaga.scar, Coll. T. Do Grey; (J, 9, Mauritius (Belcc), B.M. ; J, $, Kartoum C..11. Wallace; 6, Sierra Leone (F,,.,-rn,ft „n<l Morijfiii), V,.^\.

Dr. IJdi.-iduval in all probability followed Faliricius, when describing the female of his C. Floivlht, but had he po.ssessed the same opportunitj' that I have of examining the Fabrician type, he would have discovered that the true FloreUu was a faded and worn female of his C. Rhadin ; in fiict, Swainson is l)erfectly in the right when he says that the .sexes of his V. Pyrnie are identical in j)attern and colouration.

The Fabrician description of C. F/om/la says "alls posticis subtus punctis tribus argenteis" which would at once distinguish it from the female of C. Pt/rciir.

J[r. liowker states (Trimen's Ehop. Afr. Austr., ]i. 3.'!2) that tlic species is numerous about ^larch. appearing in one day by thousands, it is rare by the middle of April. Easily caught, settling upon llowers at edge of forest, but rarely met with inside woods. Seen on 20lh didy, 1863.

r.VMlLV PATIT.T(IMI) i:. J.">

HiiptlVr, ill PtjUir's •' Roise mifh Mosaiubiiiuf " i). ;!G5, iinnarks tlmt '• the coltjnr of tlie femah', which P.oistluval entirely passes by in his ilescription, is ipiite ilistiiict from that nf the male, it is mi the uppersiile sometimes pale yellmv, sometimes benutirul gambii','e yeljciw, on the umlersiile always yellow-ochre," there can be iKulimbt that Ilopller has here rel'erreil the female ('. l-'lnnlln to the male C. Pi/iriir.

In the " Konjjl. Wet. Akad. Forhandl," fur hS'iS, Wallengreii characterizes a iii'W genus uniler the name of Tlii:<i>i'i : but in his paper on the Jvhoiialoceni of (Jall'mria, he describeil the genus uniler the name of Phjchiiplfnjj- : as no reason is assigned for this alteration I cannot follow him.

In describing the above llenus, AVallengrcn invents a system of nomenclature entirely dilfcrent to th.it in "eiieiid use, and calls each nervure a costa ; the costil- of the frontwings are counted upwards from the inner to the anterior margin of the wing, and are stated to be ten in number, whilst Calliiln/(ix, the most nearly allied genus, is said to have nine; the actual difference in neuration between the two genera is one of position, not of number ; some of the diameters distinguishing I'ti/r/iopti'ii/.i- from Culli'lri/it-i, when put into the usual form, are good, others bad ; for instance, the character of a patch of line bristles at base of hindwings, is common to CalUJri/ut: (See Drury on C. ('hrijKii.i and Trimen on ('. Fliri'lla) ; the costal nervure of hindwings much arched ; the lii-st subcostal arched, emitted from centre of its neryure, and running to apex ; the straight fold from base through whole length of cell and between di.seoidal and third median branches to outer margin, are all cliaract<'rs common to CulUdri/ttx : the following good characters remain : —

/(. ir. The second subcostal and discoidal branches springing from nearly the .same place so as to reduce disco-cellular to a point.

/ (f. Upper discoidal not branching from subcostal but emitted close to it at end of cell ; second subcostal nearer to Krst.

1. Ptychnplerijx Jiohcuuiiii.

tJ, $ P. Piohemani, Wlhji: Wings above whitish yellow, frontwings deeper coloured, aj)e.\ bioaiUy black-brown intersected by five orange yellow spots, a discoidal black point ; hindwings below with very many short striolations of a i)ale reddish grey colour and a longitudinal deeper streak upon the fold. Caifi-aria.

The following must 1 think be a .second species of this CJcnu.s.

~'. Pti/cho/itrryx Lttcanii. Callidryas Lucasii, Gniiidldii-r, l.'evue et Mag. de Zool., ind .S., t. 27:i (Aug 18(J7.) Male. Frontwings above falcate, whitish towards base ; with black a[(ex exhiliiting a roundeil

yellow spot ; discoidal spot elongate, black ; below beautiful yellow, with hind-margin yellowish white

and apex ferruginous.

Hindwings above white, exhibiting two marginal rows of bl.ickish spots; b.h.w, yillow witli ferruginous hatchings ; costa and outer margin spotted with same colour.

Firivilc. Differs in the dentated, not falcated frontwings ; three silver sjiols on uiider surlace »{ hindwings.

Cape Sainte-Marie ( t^ruwIiiUi;).)

G 2

FAMILY CASTNIID^,

FLATE Mil.

CKNUS CASTXIA. Fahnclu^. C'dstnia Diod, sp. noc. figs. 1, 2.

$ , ? Al;c anticic supra fuscvo ; fascia postmodia (lilFusa ohliijiia (iclnacco- I'lisca piinctoquo ante apiconi aurautiaco ; puncto discoidali, tril)iis in serie triauyulari postinodiis ot duabus subanalibus, inaHj[ualibus, ovalibus, fiavo- argenteis ; postictc caTuloir piirpiiroo-tinctjB ; fascia decrcsccntc inariiinali aurantiaca, introrsuin iiigro late liiuitata ; ciliis niirvis ; corpus fuscuni.

Al;e subtiis rufo-fuscis ; anticte area basal! ])iirpur(H) viridique certo situ micantc, area apicali, apice oxcepto, ocbrea, maculis quatuor oblonyis decre- scent ibus nig'ris ante apicem positis, una rufescente in serie eadem discali ; maculis subanalibus supernis ocbreo-albis ; posticas fascia media nebulosa juacidisque quinqu{> lunularibus, distinctis, feri'ugineis : corpus fuscuni : exp. alar. 6 vine. 2, lin. 1 1 ; ? unc. circ. 3 liu. 3.

Chontales. {Janson). Coll. B.M.

This beautiful Caaftiia is somcwliat like a species iigured on one of the uneoloureil provisional plates for the fourth part of the Lepidoptera of the Xovara Voyage, as " C. Tricolor," but the (liflerences, in the frontwings especially, between the t\vo'speci<5s, seem to justify their separation.

FAMILY AllCTIID^.

GENUS I'ERICOnS. llalmcr. 1. Fevicopis lynita, fig. .3. Pericopis Ig-nita, Bidler, Cat. Eabr. Diurn. Le])id., ]). 291 (18G9). Afiiius F. Nas'iccc (F. Ferspic/ia, Walker), dilli'rt alls supra fascia media Mava late disrupta, macula sub-triangulari interior*^ ilava, punctis 3 — 4 ad costaui basalibus coccineis ; exp. alar. uuc. 2, li)i. U. 'lajjajos. fFatesJ B.M.

2. Fericopis J((u.sonis, sj). iiok. Jigs, .j, 5.

\hv antictc fuscte, area apicali dilutiore ; plaga peruiagna ])one lucdiiim fusco-albida, fasciain fuscani includcnte ; jjosticu' nigra', macula suljapicali lactea ; i)laga subanali quadrata coccinea : cor[)Us I'uscum. Abt subtus I'usca^ obscurai ; auticae fascia media lactea ; postic:e vclut supra ; anilr.c puncto basali coccineo ; exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 10.

Choutales. (U. 31. Janson.) Coll. B. :M.

AUicil to /-*. 'I'nrhiihi from ^'enezueIa. but very distLuit.

FAMILY NYMPHALIDJ^.

SU13-F-\MILV SATVIMX.i:. Bales. 1'LJ.TJj A. I 111.

GKNUS EIJPTYCIIIA. Ihih:m: 1. Eiipliichia CVflica, Jiff. 2.

Euptycliia Ca-lioa, Heiril.son, Equat. Lcp. 'A, ]). "'), ii. G2 fl8G9.j

S Alse supra c;i'riil(';r, aiitioii' ai)ice ct margiuo extonio late nii^ris; postica- fascia ai)ifali, lincis tluabus submaryinalibus ciliisquc nigi-is ; corpus pallidc I'liscum ca-nilco tinctuin.

Ahc sul)tus c;eriilc!i', striis duabus lucdiis coutimiis, duabus subinaruiii- alibus ciliis(juo nigro-l'uscis ; annulis tribus minutis occlloque crcco su1)apicalil)us, nit!;ris : ijosticc ocollis (iiiiiKpie, primo minuti), tcrtio ct quarto annularil)us, nigi'is ; exp. alar. iinc. 2.

Ecuador. (Buckley.) Coll. Ilcwitson.

2. Euptycliia Lobelia, sp. nov. fuj. G. S Afrnii.s priccedenti ; autica? apice, margiuc externo, vcuis apud margiuem, striola di.scoidea annuloque subtriangidari pone cellam uigris ; posticai apice, striisquc duabus marginalibus nigris ; corpus pallide fuscuni, cteruleo tiuctuni. Ahe subtus cjcruletc, striola basali, liucis duabus mediis continuis, tortia discali macular! ocellos gerente, quarta jjone earn contiuua et duabus teuuiori- bus marginalibus, nigris ; anticiR ocello uuo, postic;e duobus in;equalibus nigris caecis subapicalibus ; corpus cinereo-albidum ; exp. alar. iinc. 1, lin. 9. Ecuador. (Buckley J. Coll. Hewitson.

Allied to the preceding and to E. Ctcruha, Ijut differs from both in the form of the hindwiiigs ; the diflerently placed marginal lines on these wmgs, and the ocellation of the under surface.

3. Euplychia JJmhrosa, sp. nov. jig. 8.

Ala' supra cinei'co-virides, certo situ nitidiores : posticfc lincis duabus valdi- indistinctis cinereis mai'ginalibiis ; ciliis i'uscis ; cor])us fuscum.

AUe subtus pallidiores, albido squamosa- ; striis duabus mediis continuis, nebula ocellos gerente discali, stria submarginali angulis alternis undata, lincis duabus marginalibus, omnibus I'uscis ; antica- ocello uno subajjicali niiiuiti)

•is l-AMIT-V NYM I'll Mil) K.

lUTO, posticu' quinque (scciukIo ot qiiiiito iiinfis all).)-|m|)ill;itis, aliis I'liscn- cincreis riilvo-ciuctis : corpii-- (•incrrmn ; r\\). al;n-. uiic. 1. lin. '^. Ecuador. (JJiic/.tci/j. (nil. Hcwitson.

I{i'loii"S to tlie IliTiiiC!' gi'Dup. aiiil is reinarkiiljlc lor tlio green sliot on the njjper surfaee of tin- wings.

Ji. Eiipti/chhi ^Ls/iiut, Jig. G.

iMiptychia A^liiia, Heioitson, Eqiiat. Lep. 3, p. oC), n. 01. '^ISHO .

Ahp supra oclirco-rusca', ad basin (il)scuri()ros, postictr macula siil>apirali ct altera sul)anali valde iiulistinctis, lini'is dualiii- inirniiialilms filiis(|ii(" I'liscis : c'orjjus uig'ro-ruscuin.

Akc aiitictc sul)tus pallidiorcs. area aiiali albicantc ; stria jjostntodia iiulis- tiucta, lincis duabus margiiialibus, ciliisque, I'ust'is ; posticjo obscau-iorcs ; fascia lata postuiedia alba ; ocellis quinque, secuudo ct quiuto pauhihiui niajoribus, (piiuto albi) bipupillato, tertio et quarto fuscis caeruleo-alljo bipupillatis, aliis uigris ; omnibus flavo-cinctis ; corpus ciuereum ; exp. abtr. uiu-. 1, lin. (>.

Ecuador. (Buckley). Coll. Ilewitson.

T'.elongs to tlie AnnUla group ot Juipfi/cliia, Lut resenililos A'. I'miinplii/fi.

o. 'l-Jtijjtiicli'ta Albofasc'utla, jhj. 7.

Euptycliia Alljolasciata, JleirifNOU, i^quat. Lop. :>, p. 'Ml n. (i.'{ rlS()9).

? Jilsc supra Tuscan ; fascia lata media, margines baud attingente, alba ; postictc lineis duabus marginalibus, apiul angnliuii ani albis ; occllo magno subanali nigro fulvo-cincto ct miiuitissimc argcnico-piipillato ; corpus nigro- cinereum.

Alne subtus pallidiorcs, area basali fusea, fasciis duabus cDntinuis; ai't-a a])icali albida ; fascia lata discali ocellos ger(Mit(> I'usca ; liiuMs tribus mai'ginali- lais iiigro-fuscis ; autictc occllo uno alljo-pupillato fulvo-cincto; postictc sex, prinio ct sexto minimis, tertio et quarto fuscis caa-ulco l)istriatis ; aliis nigris albo-2)upillatis ; corpus cincreum ; exp. alar. iinc. 2. lin. 2.

Ecuador. (Buckley.) Coll. llewitsou.

Allied to E. Nitsais.

(J. JEujitychid Tk'is.ia, jUj. J,. Euptychia Ticssa, ILcKitson, E<piat. Lcp. .'!, [>. oT, n. (5.") 1809).

FAMILY NVMI'li ALID.K. I'.)

(J Aflniis E. (Ihiniili, (lill'iM't alarum forma, fasciis siil)tus latioriljiis, o<'('llis rotiiiulioril)us, fascia lata (R'cIIos c:orontc ct mari:;inc cxtcnio riircscoiite ; cxp. alar. uiir. 2, lin. 1.

E('iia(li>r. (BKclley). Coll. llcAvitson.

7. Eni)l[ich\a Fnincifica, sjj. iiov., Jig. S. Ala' supra fusca,' violacoo-tinctie ; posticic macula subanali iudistincta linciscpic diiahus inaru:inalil)us fuscis ; corpus ciuoroo-fuscuin.

Ahu subtus odiracctT? ; anticjp area ])Oslali fusccsccnte ; striis duabus mediis contiuuis, tertia submar^inali uudata lineisquc duabus inar^inalibu> fuscis; antictu iiebida discali, occllo uno parvo nifrro albo-])upillato; postica- ocellis quinque, secundo et quinto majoribus niii;ris albo-pupillatis, prium iiii?ro, tcrtio et quarto fuscis; omnibus flavo-cinctis ; exp. alar. unc. 2.

i-cuador. (BncldeiiJ. Coll. Hewitsou.

SUB-FxVMILY NYlMPnALINJ^. Bates.

GEXUS PREPOXA. Rohtluvnl. Frepona Louisa, Jig. 1. Proi)ona Louisa, Btdler, Cist. Ent. 2, p. 39 (1870).

Ala3 supra purpureae, fascia media viridi ; margiuibus fuscis ; iiostica' ocello magno subanali nigro, ca^co, ferrugineo cincto ; area abdominali jjallidc fuscescente, jnlis consuetis fulvis ; corpus fuscum.

Ahe subtus fere vclut in P. Demodice ; exj). alar. unc. 3, lin. 7. Cuba. Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druce.

Allied to P. DenwJice, but difiering :ibt>ve in the niuth greater expanse of purjile, which extend.-; beyond the central green band.

SUB-FAMILY MOIIPHIX.E. Btdler. FLATE XIX.

(iEXUS MOJiPHO. Fnhrlrin^.

1. Morpho Jidurna, Jig. 1.

:Morpli.) Jutuma, Bidler, Cist. Ent. 2, p. 28 (1870).

Ala" supra cinereo-argentea* ; autictc costa, plaga disco-ccUulari a macula costali alba intorru])ta, apice et margine extcrno. nigro-fuscis ; puncto apud apiccm indistincto fulvo, maculis Iribus ejusdoni coloris ct tribus albis submar- gmalibus, striolis sex subintcrruptis ante-niarginalibus fulvis: posticie margine latius nigrescente ; maculis subtribus disci superioris albis submarginalibus ; linea antemarginali inteniipta ferrugiuca ; margine abdominali ochrco-tincto.

50 r.VMlLV NVMI'llAI.lD.i;.

Al;i> siilitiis i-iilb-fiisc;i'; antic:r iMscioHs frilms (liscoidcis al1)i(lis ; strinla ])uiie {•(•Ilaiu ruin riisca jjor 7i('l)iila!;i alliidain orraiitc ; area int(>rno-1)asali iiiuro- variegata; pla^is trilm^s liiiuilarilniv alliidis nigro liinitatis, arcam basak-in inlVa LMdlaiii liiuitautilnis ; ofcUis triljus (liscalihus coiisiiotis; fascia suljinai-giuali nigra, a plagis sul)se2)(eiii oL-lii-aceis iiitrorsuiu liuiitata ; fascia iiiargiuali fcrru- giiica, a liiica niuni iiitcrsocta ; posticfc avea basali alhido ([iiadrate fasciolata ; occllis tril)iis sul)aiialibus et duobiis infra costam ol}liquc positis, fuscis cicruleo puiictatis. fulvo-ciiictis, nigro circumcinctis et fasco zonatis ; strai submarginali I'lisi'a, inti-oi'sum albo, oxtrorsum fcrriiuiuci) limitata ; iiiarti'inc iiiurn. albo intersect (I : cxp. aliir. iiiic. 0, lin. 1.

Xew Granada. Coll. Driice.

Tliis extrnonlinary .<!])ccios belongs to tlio ILruhi gi'(iu[) ; it is tlu' only Mor/jhn j)ossessing any approiich to tails in the hiiulwing.

S. Jfoi'/j/io /jiiini, Jit/. 2.

:\Iorplio iiiina, Bnllev, Cist. Ent. 1, p. \ (1869).

Ahe supra sericcu-albae, virescentes ; antic;e stria midata disco cclliilari, vena eostali et apicc fuse is ; maeulis tribiis a|)icalibiis inconspicuis : postica- niaciilis octo niagnis su1)marginalibiis ovaliljiis fuscis ; venis nigro-fusco acuniinatis : corpus album, tlioracc fusceseente.

AIm' su1)Ius all);e, antica> venis eostali et sub-costali, fasciola transversa discoidali et altera disco-eellulari albido intersecta, fuscis; maeulis tril)us niti-ris alb:)-j)upillatis, primo romoto, minutissimo ; posticte ocellis quiiKiui' alho- pupiilatis flavo-iridatis, primo tertio et quarto magnis ; lincis duahus suh- analilnis iiigris : corjjiis all)inn, tboracis medio oebraceo ; cxp. alar. unc. (i, lin. 8.

Mexico. 0)]I. Drucc.

The largest of the wliite sjieries of Mnyplm.

.:/. MorpJio ^Eii'i, fuj. .1.

S Leonte -Ega, Hubucr, Samml. Exot. Sebmett 2, pi. 70 (180()).

? -\-l:e su])ra area bastili fulvo-fei-ruginea ; area apicili fusea ; anticae ])lai;a ipiadrata discoidea, tribus inerescentibus infra nervidos medianos, qnaluor hisectis decreseentibus submarginalibtis, maeulis (juatuor pone c(dlam et duabus apud apieem submarginalibus indistinctis llavis : macula sid)apicali alba : p;>sticie maeulis (piin(pie submarginalibus ciliis(|U(' lla\ is : slriola interriq)ta subanali I'erruginea ; corpus I'ei'rugineum.

Ahe siibtus fere velut in mare: e,\]). alar. unc. ."1, lin. 11.

S. Ib-azil. Coll. Druce.

'Ihe male of this species is of a brilliant luel.illir lilne culinii-, and is in nidsl collections; the leniale, now figured fur the first time, is rare ; a larger e.\.aiiipl«' tlian lliat rc'iircsmtrd "U mir jilate has been for many years in the Collection of the Dritish Mii.scviiii.

FAMILY NYMPHALIDiE.

SUB-FAMILY NYMPHALIN/E. Bates.

FLATUS XX. 8r XXI.

GENUS GODAKTIA. Lums. Goclartia Ansellica, pi. x\v.,fig. 1.

Godartia Ansellica, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond. (1870.)

$ Affiuis G. Burinomi at viridior, maculis discalibus posticariun duplo majoribiis, serie auticarun^ siibmarginali magis iindata, area basali posticarum roducta ; venis latins nigresccntibus : exp. alar. unc. 4.

Kinsembo, S. AV. Africa. (Ansell.)

Five specimens of this species were sent home hy Mr. ^Vnsell ; it differs constantly from (r. Eurinome in its greener tint, larger discal spots of liindwing, the irregularity of the submarginal scries of the front wings, the greatly reduced basal area of the hindwings and the more broadly blackened nervures : like G. Eurinome it resembles Danais Leonora, but not to the same extent.

GENUS EO:^rALEOSO^rA. Blanclutnl.

Romaleosoma Lakuma, pi. .i\vi.,fiy. 2.

Ronialcosoma Lakuma, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc, Loud., pt. 1, ]). 12.'? (Marcli, 1870.)

FAMIIA" NYMIMlALID.i:.

? Alec supra olivacco-fusca) ; auticrc alho acuminata); fascia subapicali obliqua, angusta, ochrea, a costa acl nonadiuu tertiiun medianum ciu'rcnte ; costa obscure cajrulca ; striola subanali squamosa coerulea ; posticaj stria augusta discali cicnilca, luai-gini cxt(M-iio parallcli.

Alixi subtus auroo-viridc's ; antica) apice albo ; fascia suporna subapicali albida (baud ochrea) ; maeulis nigris discoidois vclut in 7'. Enpalo fasciaquc uebiilosa amiulari submarginali : postica? fascia lata angulata albida pone cellam ])osita ct a costa gradatim pyramidata : cxp. alar. unc. 3, lin 9.

Gold Coast. ( Ussher.) Coll. Swanzy.

Tliis species is allied to R. Eupalus aud R. Ilarpalyce, which have been considered by some Lepidopterists to be varieties of the same species, but I am convinced from a careful examination of many examples of both sexes of the two forms, that they are perfectly distinct : R. Losinga is a third species of the same little group, and R. Lalmniu wiU make a fourth.

GEXUS rHILOGXO^IA. Wedwood.

Fhilorjnoma Z'ss/ieri, pi. xxi., fig. 3.

S Philognoma Ussberi, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc, Loud., pt. 1, p. 12 i (March, 1870).

S Xympbalis Dccius, Lucas, Lop. Exot., pi. Gl, fig. 2 (1835).

S Alae supra nigerrimse, area basali fuscescente; antica; fascia media transversa subrecta sericeo-alba, infra venam mcdianam aurco-tincta ; postica?, basi apiccquc excoptis, nitide fulvLC, ocollis nigris violaceo-pulpillatis velut in P. Dccio at minorilyus.

Akc subtus fere velut in P. Decio sod nitidioribus, fascia media angustiore ct multo magis regulari ; stria nulla postieis subapicali rosea ; ocellis majoribus et a fascia nigra ad angulum ani distinctius limbatis : exp. alar. unc. 3, lin. 1.

Gold Coast. (VssJier.) Coll. Swanzy.

FAMILY XYMPIIALLD-E. 53

Tliia novelty is of great interest from tho fact of its belonging to a small but conspicuous genus uf the Chanuces group ; I have therefore felt great pleasure in naming it after its cajjtor, Mr. Herbert T. Ussher, the present Administrator of the Gold Coast ; I must hero also take tlie oi)i)ortunity of acknowledging my obligations to Jlr. Swanzy for tho use wliich he has so frequently allowed me to make of lus Collection.

Tho above species is perfectly distinct from Cramer's P. Dcciiis, which M. Lucas describes at p. 122 of liis work ; I suspect that the Ndolet tint in the frontwing band of his figure is incorrect, and intended to make it correspond to some extent with his description, which is probably a compilation.

SUB-l'AMlLY DAXAIXoE. Bates.

GEXUS DAXAIS. LatreiUe. 1. Danais Leonora, jd. xx.,fig. 2. ,

Danais Leonora, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc, Lond., p. 51, n. 35 (1862).

Affinis D. hamutcc inaculis virulibus pcUucidis latioribus ct brcvioribus ; plaja intcrua apud basin obsoleta ; posticai niinorcs, rotimdiorcs ; cella dis- coidali breviore ; exp. alai\ unc. 3, lin. 9.

Bembe Mines, Angola. {J. J. 3Ionteiro), and "W. Africa. B. M.

Allied to Danais hamafa, from which it differs most strikingly in the absence of the intemo- basal spot in the frontwings, and in the broader and shorter form of all the transparent markings ; 1 have figured it here to show tho amount of resemblance between it and Godartia AnseUku, this is a less perfect instance of preservative assimilation than that of its near ally, G. Eurinome ; the female of the latter is most like D. Leonora.

2. Danais Ishma, pi. xx.,fifj. 3.

Danais Ishma, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1, p. 2, n. 2 (October, 1SG9).

Alaj supra productio, niti^ro-fusca; : stria diseoidea Ijasali et plaga pi'ofunde indcntata ; fascia lata ina^quali a vcnis in maculas subocto persecta, alam oblique transen'antc et cellam partim limitantc ; punctis imdecim (nono et decimo geminatis) alum circumcingcntibus et a costte medio ad angulmn ani cur-

H 2

54 FAMILY NYMPUALIDiE.

rcntibus ; punctis nonmillis marii-inalihus minutis, omnibus viridibus, polhicidis; postictt' aroa basali late viridi, pcllucida, a vonis intersocta; area apicali uii^-o- fusca, maculis phu-imis geminatis in seriebus diiabus submarginalibus dispositis ; area abdomiiiali pallide fusca, griseo striata : corpus thorace nigro albo punctato ; abdomiuo fusco.

Ala3 subtus fere A^elut supra maeulis autem inajoribus : exp. alar. imc. 3, lin. 8.

GUolo. Coll. Druce. Celebes. Coll. B. M.

The above species is allied to D. Sdbrina, from wliicli it (lifters in the pattern of the front\nngs.

GEXUS A:\IAUIiIS. Iluhner. 1. Amauris Vashti, lil. a:xi.,fig. 1.

Danais Vasliti, Butler, Cist. Eut. 1, p. 1, u. 1 (October, 18G9).

Ala) supra obscurissiraa?, antictc nigerrinia^; plaga perraagna discali a nervulo primo mediano persccto, maculis duabus couspicuis subapicalibus, oblique positis, tribus costalibus minoribus, duabus apicalibus punctisque quatuor submarginalibus, pellucidis niveis ; posticaj i^iceoe, area apicali obscurioro, abdominali pallidiorc ; punctis subseptem submarginalibus miuvitissimis albis ; corpus thorace nigro albo-punctato, abdomime I'usco, lateraliter pallidiore ; antcnnis nigris : exp. alar. vine. 4, lin. 4.

Old Calabar. Coll. Druce.

This very liandsomo yl;/WM)7'6- is the ninth described species of the genus to which it belongs which now stands as follows : —

1. A. Phc-edon, Fahr., E. S. S., p. 423.

2. „ Echeria, StoU, P. E., pi. 29.

3. „ Egialea, Cramer, P. R, pi. 192.

4. „ Damocles, Pal de Beau., Ins. Aiv. & Am., jj. 238.

5. „ Yasliti, nidi, C. E., 1, p. 1.

FAMILY NV.Ml'll.VLlD.E.

6. A. Hecate, Butl., V. Z. S., p. 44: (1866).

7. „ Nossima, Wunl, E M. :^r., 6, p. 225.

8. „ Ochlea, Doisd., App. V. Del., p. 589.

9. „ Niavius, Linn., S. N., 2, p. 760.

I think lleakirt is right in adopting Hubners Genua for the above species, tlic characters pointed out by Doubleday seem constant enough ; Mr. Keakirt appears to have entirely overlooked Jlr. Triiuen'.s full-page description of A. Ochlea, Boisd, which is also described in Delegorgue's Voyage.

SUB-FAMILY SxVTYRIX.E. Batcfs.

GENUS ]SnX'ALESIS. Huhner.

Mi/calesis Ignobilis, iil. xxi.,jUj. 4.

Mycalesis Iguobilis, Butler, Traus. Eut. Soc, Lond., pt. 1, p. 123 (!Marcli, 1S70).*

Ala3 supra lusca? ; autica? ocellis duobus obsolctis velut in .1/. Eusiro, fascia clistincta subapicali alba bilobata ; marsjinibus ajm-ali et costali pallidis ; Hiu'a teuui subinari^inali uiidulata ; postictc inara:iuo, oxteruo pallidiore, b'uca obsfura ■ uudata subiiiarginali : ala? subtus fuscai, fasciis tribus rosoo-albis oblii[uis ; margine fusco-albido lineani nigram undatain iuchidoute ; anticae fascia alba supcrna iutovrupta cura fascia media in costaui coujungcutc occl- losfjuc partim cireuniciugentc ; oeollis duobus magnis ; posticaj ocellis. duobus pcrmagiiis, duobus subapicalibus parvis tvibusquc aualibus : v\\>. alar. luic. 1, lin. 10.

Gold Coast. Coll. A. Swauzy.

-VUiod to M. X-:nfiiM and M. Eiigirus.

FAMILY PAPILIONID.^.

SUB-FAMILY PIERINyE. Bates.

GENUS CALLIDRYAS. Boisduval

PLATE XXII.

[Monograph continued.] 13. Callklri/as Thaurama,figs. 3 — 6. Calliclryas Thaurama, Beakirt, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Pliilad., p. 238 (1866).

Callidryas Fiaduua, Hewitson, Exot. Buttcrf., p. 63, pi. Callid. ct Eron., figs. 1—1 (1867).

Male. Wings above very similar to C. Gatilla, but witli large black disco-cellular spot, and without black at apex : below pale green with, white hatchings ; frontwings with inner half (excepting the anal area which is white), sulphur yeUow, an orange discoidal streak at base ; a disco-cellular ring spot, and the outer margin towards apex, reddish ; hindwLngs, subcostal ner\'ure yellow margined ; a small ring spot at end of cell, and six brown points forming an arch beyond it.

Female. Wings above with basal area white, apical area golden yellow, deeper towards outer margin j frontwings with large black disco-cellular spot ; the subcostal and median branches terminating in large brown spots united at apex ; an indistinct brown spot below second subcostal branch, and three in an oblique series beyond cell : below golden yellow hatched with orange, frontwings with a large reddish spot at end of cell, and two or three brown points beyond it : hindwings with throe silver-centred ring-spots at end of cell, and eiglit red-brown points placed in an arch beyond it.

(J, ?, Madagascar. Colls. Hewitson and Saunders.

The above species seems to represent C. Cafilhi in JIadagascar.

l.i. CalUdijras Florella, figs. 1, 2, 2a. $ Papilio Elorclla, Fahrklus, Syst. Ent., p. 479, n. 169 (1775). S , ? Callidryas Rhadia, Boisduval, Sp. G^n. L6p., p. 617, n. 11 (1836). Poutia Marcollina, Berloloui, iu Meiuorie Acad. Sci. lust., Bologna, 2, p. 178 (1811), publ. 1850).

TAMII.V PAPII.IOXID.K. 57

Var. Callidryas Ilybliea, Boisduval, Sp. G^n. L6p., 612, n. 11 (1836).

Var. Callidrvas Florella, S var. Maillanl iu "Notes sur L'llo de la llcuuiou," p. G— 5, pi. 22, tigs. 1—1 (1862).

Mtth. Wings above sulphur j'ellow, without spot : below citrou — yello ; the frontwings exhibit a transverse disco-cellular brick-red mark, divided bj' yellow nervures ; the hindwings with a silver-centred disco-cellular spot, and a transverse series of indistinct ferruginous points beyond cell.

Female. Wings above sulj)hur yellow becoming deeper coloured on the outer margin, the nervures terminated by reddish spots ; frontwuigs with large black disco-cellular spots ; the basal costa rosy-tinted : below golden yellow with scattered red-brown hatchings ; frontwings with rosy silver- centred ring-spot at end of cell ; an angulated series of five or sue red<li.sh spots ; the nervures terminating in rosy spots ; hindwings with three silver-centred ring-spots at end of cell and an irregularly arched series of ill-defined reddish spots beyond it ; the nervures terminating in ill-defined rosy spots.

I have examined specimens from the following localities : —

?, Sierra Leone, (Foxcroft and Monjan) ; Ashauti, B. M. ; Senegal, ColL Druce ; Abomey, Coll. Saunders ; Jladagascar, Coll. T. De Grey.

Dr. Boisduval seems to be the only Lepidopterist, who has been favoured witli a sight of the male of this species, it is in none of the collections to which I have access, and (so far as I can judge from the writings of Messrs. Trimen, Wallengren, and others), has not made its appearance since the publication of the Species GiSneral ; indeed Dr. Wallengren, in the Svenska Handlingar, evidently ■•■'nsiders the male C. Pijrene to be that sex of C. Florella.

In the Species General, Dr. Boisduval, described the typical female, C. Florella (under its true name), as the female of C. Pyrene, in all probability compiling his description from that of Fabricius : Mr. Trimen in his " Rhopalocera Africaj Australis" translated Dr. Boisduval's description, with the following remark : — " Having only seen males of this species, I am obliged to borrow the above description of the female from M. Boisduval's work ;" under the localities, however, I find " Interior of South Africa, Sierra Leone, St. Vincent (Cape Verd Islands). — Coll. Brit. Mus.," which proves to me that my friend Trimen, (like Mr. Doubleday and myself), was under the inlluence of the Boisdu- vahan description, when he examined the Museum specimens (See localities at p. 44 of this work). In a foot-note to the same page, however, Mr. Trimen says, "A $ of Florella, in Mr. D'Urban's collection confirms Mr. Swainson's statement, being identical in colour and marking with the (J ;" I mention the above facts to explain a note in my Fabrician Catalogue, which Mr. Trimen, in his paper, recently read before the Entomological Society, seems to have misunderstood ; at p. 224, I observed " The female is much like a large pale variety of the C. Rlmdia of Mr. Doubleday's List ; " unfor- tunately the sheet was printed off before I discovered my error, which I corrected in the next page, " Callii.lrijas Eliiulia, Boisd. (Florella Fabr. ) ;" I had no intention of suggesting the identity of two apparently so distinct species, as C. Pyrcve and C. Florella, nor do I now think, considering the totally diJlerent colouring and pattern of the two, and the fact that the sexes of both have been described, that the capture of a single ill-assorted pair is a sufficient reason for uniting them as modifica- tions of one variable form : I cannot help thinking that the intermediate form mentioned by Mr. Trimen must have been C. Thaurama.

58 FAMILY papii.tonid.t:.

Signer Bertoloni received C Florella $ from Inhainbano, and observing its near resemblance to the P. Afairrlliiia of Cramer, came to the conclusion that the latter species was indigenous to the east coast of Africa.

Mt. Trimen remarks (Rhop. Afr., Austr) : — " I once saw this butterfly at Knysna, on the 11th of March, 1859, flying rajjidly over the marshes near the river. I chased it for some time, but when close upon it, by an unlucky fall gave the insect time for so long a start, that it was useless to try further pursuit. An aged specimen of the female, from the same locality was given me by a lady who took it there some years ago. The insect is cons]iicuous in flight, owing to its bright-yellow colour."

The chrysalis figured was sent with the pirfoct insect from Sierra Leone by llr. Foxcroft.

15. CaUidrycts Eahulc, fi(js. 7 — 10. $ Papilio Eiibulo, Ziniueiis, Syst. Nat. 2, p. 71-3, n. 102 (17GG).

Male. Wings above sidphur yellow, unspotted, ^vith niirrow marginal mealy band : below sulphur yellow ; frontwings with paler internal area, an irregular rosy-centred ring-spot at end of cell and a deeply bisinuate series of eight brown spots beyond it : hindwings with two silver-centred spots at end of cell, encircled by an irregular discal series of ten or eleven red-brovni scale-spots, sometimes obsolete.

Female. Wings above sul])luu' yellmv, with orange margin, the ncrvuros terminating in black spots ; frontwings with large black disco-cellular spots, and sometimes with an indistinct scries of discal spots towards apex : below golden yellow, the margins deeper coloui'ed ; frontwings with a large geminate silver-centred ring-spot, the discal spots as in male, but redder ; hindwings with two silver-centred ring-spots j)laced oblicjuely upon a squamose rusty band at end of cell, and encircled by a discal series of irregular reddish markings ; several reddish spots at base.

Localities S, 9, St. John's Bluff, (E. DouUvdaij), B. ]\r., Coll., Saunders ; N. America, Coll.

Druce.

Ur. Boisduval rightly observes that tlic indiviihials from North America have the wings less rounded than those from South America, but I cannot agree with him in considering the Southern form a local variety of C. EuhuJe, I would rather call it a representative form of the latter, since the female differs constantly in its smaller size, deeper or paler* colouring, and more strongly defined markings.

Messrs. Smith and Abbot figure both sexes of C. Euhiile in their " Lepidopterous Insects of Georgia," with the food-plant Cassia chamw-crista ; they call attention to " the conformity of colours between the flowers of this plant, and the fly bred upon it ; " the following observations on the transfor- mations of this (figured on the plate) are added " one of them spun itself up the 30th of August,

changed the next day, and the perfect insect appeared September 10th; another spun on the 23rd of September, changed the 24th, and came out on the Gth of October.

A wliite form occurs at llomluras aud Venezuela.

T\M II. ^ ^^^l^ll xi.iD.i:. 69

r LJ T K .\ .\ I I I . 10. C'allidri/as Seii)icc,Ji[/.s. 1 — Ji.

? Papilio Sciinfe, Linnoius, Syst. Nat. 2, p. 7(51, n. 103 (17(50).

Papilio Eiibiilf, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 2, pi. 120, figs. E, V (1779).

S Papilio :\[arc('lliiia, Cramer, Pa]). Exot. 2, pi. 1G3, fii,'s. A, C (1770).

? \\\\\ P:ipi]i(j Pomona, Donovmi, Tns. Xcw JIollaiKl, itc, pi. 17. (ii;^. 3, ;?. (1805.)

Callidryas Orbis ? , Foei/, Cent. Lt']). Cuba, pi. 1 (1852).

? albino Papilio llypcrici, Sepji., .Siiriiiamsflic Ylindrrs, vol. 1. ])1. 10. (1855.)

? albino ? Callidryas Yaninnn. /'ra/.i/-/, I'roc. Hut. Soc. i'liilad. 2, p. ;>.")2 n. 3 (1863.)

J/'</<'. Gencrallv smaller than C. KuJndr, the colouring of the under surfare cli^'per, ami ihc markings much better dctined.

Fenude. Above cleep golden-yellow, sometimes inclining to orange, or dirty white ; frontwing." with internally dentated, well dehned dark-brown margin beginning at second-third of costa, and terminating at anal angle ; a large black disco-cellular s[)ot, and a sub-ajjical series of angulatcd lunules between the nervures, also a point of the same colour between median branches ; hindwing.s with rosy margin ; a suli-niarginal series of five large geminate dark-brown spots at termiiialion nf nervures ; abdominal and basal areas pale rosy ; under surface of wings paler ; the margin with band and spots as above but deep rosy ; frontwings with a large geminate silver-centretl ring-spot at end nf cell, and a zigzag series of irregular characters on disc, all rosy-brown ; costa rosy ; hindwings with two silver-centred ring s|iots placed obliquely at end of cell on a brownish streak and encircled by a series of bnicket-shaped chanictcrs beginning at base, and continuing in the form of a heart through ilisc, all rosy brown.

Localities (J, $, S. America, Coll. Druce ; Brazil, ?, Itio Janeiro ( .\Inc(jiUici-iuj), U.-M. :

i, ?, Para, Coll. Wallace; cj, Central America; g, Labia Coll. Ward ; Colombia (Dyson), i, .Sta. Martha, $, Texas, Coll. Saunders ; $, West Coast of Mexico (liekher), P..:M. : tJ, 9, Trinidad, 9. Honduras (Dijxon), Coll. Saunders and P.M. ; $, 9, Venezuela ( Dijiinn ), .lamaica, Haiti (Twcedh), S, Polochic Valley fSnlrinJ, P.M. ; cJ, San Lorenzo Cull. Salvin.

2 Dwarfed form. Trinidad, Coll. Saunders.

cJ, 9 Var. differing from the typical form of C. Si-unn' in the more sulpliur colour of the uiipcr .■surface, but exactly the same in other respect,s. Chili ( lircd). Coll. Saunder.'*.

The Plia-hin Eiibiile of Hiibner, (Samml. ex. Schniett. i, pi. l.H, 180.")) represents the two common forms of female C Sennw ; we have examples of both from llnndurai*.

The I'ltpiliii I'omomi of Donovan, which I have given in the al)ove synonymy, and which (iomcwhat resembles the C. OrbU 9 of Poey's plate, ajipcars to be a slight variety of C. Seiniw 9, it can

.tjiril, 1S71. I

(')() KAMILY NVMl'll \l,l li 1 .

si'urcfly be the female of C. Orhis since it does not possess the clmracters common to the Oodarlinnnx group, and also because the true female of C. Orhis is in Mr. Druce's Collection from Cuba, and is perfectly distinct in form, n)arking, and coloration.

The C. YamaiM, of Rcakirt, is described as being nearly allied to C. Pyrnuthe to which it bears considerable resemblance ; indeed, I am informed by Mr. Edwards, of West Virginia, who has kinilly eommunicaled with Mr. Reakirt respecting the species, that the description of C Yamana was delayed until the arrival of a second e.\aniple from the same locality, in order that Mr. Reakirt wight be sure of the correctness of its hal)itat ; under these circumstances I could not well have referred it to C. Scnim had I not received evidence which leads rae to suspect that that species has not been correctU identiKed by American authors.

It is not impossible that C. Ynmana may be an alliino female of C. Dnjn or C. Trite, either of which would bear a close resemblance (especially on the upper surface) to C. Pijranthe, however without examining the type, or a figure of it, it is impossible to do more than guess at the relations of the sjiccies.

])r. IJoisduval, in his Hist. (U:i\. Lup. Am. Sept. remarks that the P. Senuce of Linna-us is a variety of C. EuhuJe which has no black points at the extremity of the frontwings ; this is far from being the case, since C Scnum invariably has the black spots well-defined whilst in C. Eiibule they arc often entirely wanting. JIany naturalists seem to have observed the close resemblance existing between C. Sfinna: and C Marcellenu yet almost all have agreed in separating them as distinct species ; thus, Mr. James Duncan in his ^'aturalist's Librarj', vol. 5, p. 122, says that C Euhule {\\\nc\i most old authors considered synonymous with C. Senmc) " so closely resembles C. M(a-ccllina that it is possible they would still have continued to be confounded, as they were by the earlier entomologists, had not the different appearance of the caterpillar in<lioated their essential distinction ; " he describes the caterpillar of C. EubiiJe as "green, covered with small black granules, and having a yellow line along each side, surmounted by another of a blue colour. Donovan, however, tells us that " the specific character of Pajjilio Soma' consists chiefly, according to Linnpeus, in having the double spot in the centre of each wing of a feri'iiginous colour, while in Papilio Marcellina that characteristic mark has the exact appearance of two approximating spots of molten silver. The tips of the wings arc sometimes spotted as in Marcellina, and are sometimes destitute of spots : " Herbst, with more shrewdness than either of the above worthies obseives that " P. Senna' is so like P. Marcellina that it can scarcely be regarded as a distim-t siiecics."

Sep]) in his figure of Papiliu IIi/j)i;riei omits the black border on outer margin of frontwing.s, but on the under surface figure, which also shows part of the upper surface, this border is put in : he gives the following account of the transformations, " It was on the 1st of March that we found this cateipillar, of a blui.sh green and s])eckled, on the underside of the leaves of the plant which at •Surinam bears the Dutch nanie of Ivingwornikruid ; as it appeared to us to be full grown we ex- pected soon to see it change to a chrysalis, indeed, four days afterwards it began to fix its body and spin a transverse band over it ; after its colour had been altered to a shining and transparent green, on the following day it changed into a red chrysalis prettily striped with yellow, nine days afterwards the butterfly onii^rged from it."

Under C. Eubule Sepp gives us a second ai'cuunt tlius : "The green caterpillar of our ])]ate very iMUih resembles the cateriiillars of tiie cabbage Ijulterlly of Europe, and is scarcely less eouimon tlian

FAMILY NYilPHALIDjE. fil

them, it lives on the leaves of the llijpfrinim bacelfirum, known in Surinam under the name of Ringwurrakruid, and on various sjiccies of Cagsin ; it is met with at various times of the year, it grows rapidly and does not change colour until about to undergo its mctaiuorphnsis. then it assumes a shining yellowish tint, the chrysalides are either red or green."

The most quaint descri])tion of C. Sennce, in all its stages is to bo found in SK.an's History of Jamaica (p. 212, 172r>) as follows —

The Common Yellow Caterpillar.

" Its bigness is as that of a goose-quill, it is about an inch long, of a yellowisli colour, haviiij.' here and there black spots on it, after it attains it,s duo growth it becomes the — AuRKLiA Triangularis Purpurea, Lineis Lutkis Ndtatis, The Common Triaxqclar Aurelia.

This is almost triangular, about half-an-inch long, and one-fourth part of an inch broad at broadest, having here and there some angles and eminences, and is sharp at both ends ; it is of a purple colour with some j-ellow streaks. When the worm or catei pillar has fed itself full, it creeps U- a place free from wind, and there fa-stens one end to the under part of a stone, twig, &c., and the other end hangs in a string like that of a spider's web. where it takes this figure and comes out — The Common Yellow Butterfly.

Tliis was about an inch long from the head to the tail, about twice as much from wing to wing .'xtended ; it had six feet, three of each side, it had two brown antennve, three quarters of an inch long went out of its brown head, and two large brown globular eyes. It had hanging out of its moutli a long spiral twirling Proboscis, of a brown colour ; the body was covered over with a long yellow down and the wngs with a shorter, there were in the middle part of each of the four wings, two silver spots or eyes, inclosed in a brown circle, or Iris, besides several other brown spots or lines, here and there, especially on the margin of the wings on the upper sides. On that pair of wings nearest to the head, or the upper ]>air, were by the outside, two brown spots as big as a large pin's head.

The Krncn of this butterfly above described, Xo. 1, feeds on what they call here Wild Indign. They are the most common of all butterflies."

The figures accompauying the above description are tliose iiuoted by Linna?us for his C. Seniue.

Mr. Gosse observed P. Senna in Jamaica flitting about tlie expanded blossoms of the prickly pear,

17. Callidri/as Dri/a, figs. 5 — 8.

Papilio Drva, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 478, n. 153 (1775).

Calliclryas Amphitrite, Blanchard, Gay's Fauna Cliilrna 7. p. 20; pi. ."). ti'^i. 1, 2 (18521.

Callidryas Eiil)ulo $ var. Butler, Fahr. Cat. p. 222, u. I), (lH<i'.).)

Mule. Wings above sulphur-yellow, with mealy margin narrower than in C. Eubule or C. Senno , below sul]ihur-yellow ; frontwiiigs with a deep orange point on lower disco-cellular veinlot ; hindwings with two minute silver-centred reddish ring-spots at end of cell, the outermost one indistinct ; two or three indistinct squamose lines between nervures on disc.

Femali:. Wings above .'ulphur yellow, markings intermediate Ixjtwcen f. EubiiU' and C. Sciinip but most like the latter, the disoal series of spots in frontwin;_'s wanting ; bi-iow paji- yellow, deeper

I 2

()2 FAMILY N\ MIMIALID.B.

tinted ut biisi! ; outer murgiii narrowly eilj^eil with rtisy ; diseal cliaracters as in C. Seiimc but brown and Very indistinct ; frontwings, biisal costa rosy, disco-cellular spot as in C. Senna; but narrower ; hiiulwings with two black-edged silver-centred spots at end of cell : base rosy.

Localities (J, Peru, B.5I. ; r^, 5. Chili, f^, Haiti, $, Cuba, Coll. Druce.

The above may be nothing more than a variety of C. Sennw, but at present I have not siitticient "vidence to allow me to form a definite opinion as to their identity or non-identity so that I am obliged to kee]) them separate: Dr. Herrich-Schiiflor remarks (Corr. Blatt, d. Zool. min. Ver. Kegensberg, p. 16'J, n. C, 1864), " It will surely be no longer doubted that Marcellina and Drija Boisd., are not specifically distinct," he does not liowever state his reasons for arriving at this conclusion.

In Madame Merian's Insects of Surinam, a female Cullidnjos is figured (which appears to be C. Drijii) concerning the metamorphoses of which the following remarks are made — " The yellow caterpillai-s ate the leaves (" Zoeteboontjes") they had black feet and black spines on the back ; I have had more than a hundred, which all died, because the leaves of this tree become hard and dry as soon iis they are broken off, and therefore cannot be eaten by the cater])iUars ; however, I had one on the IGlh .June, 1770, which became a pupa similar to the one at the end of the tendril, and at tlie end of . I line came out a beautiful butterfly like the one which is here represented flying and at rest."

GENUS DELIAS. Ilubncr.

PLATE XXir.

1. Delias Ithiela, fin. 1.

$ Thyca Itliiela, Butler, Anu. and Mai?. Nat. ilist., p. 21.2 (Oetol)or, 1869).

Ala; su])ra nigra;, vcliit in D. Ilor-sjieldio ciucroo j^hio'iatte ct niacnlatas ; postica; macula siibcostali apiid basin aiirco-flava ; maenlis quatuor discalihiis ot uno apicali albidis ; area abdomiuali albicantc (hand flavo niacidata) : cori)iis uigi-escens, antcuuis nigris ; al;ie stibtus fore volut in U. Jlu):sJieldio, niacnlis posticarnm multo niiuoribus, latins sepavatis : covpns cinoivuni, alxlomine albicante, antennis uigris. ciucveo squamosis : exp. alar. nne. 3, lin. 8.V.

S Penang. Colls. B. il. and W. ^N . Saunders.

Larger than D. Uort'Jiddii, from which it may be readily distinguished by the smaller spots on liolh surfaces of hindwings, and the absence of a yellow patch upon abdominal margin.

'ji. Delias Li(cerna,Ji(js. 2, 3.

$ , S Tbyca Lu(;>n-ni Hut lor, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., p. 243 (Oct., 1869).

S Alie supra siniillinuc lis D. Ilenningice ; autiete fascia media multo angustiore et eiuerescente; striolis subapicalibus distinctioribus ; posticaj fasciola cinerca indistincta ; plaga flava duplo majoro : corpus nigro-ciuercum abc sid)tus fascia media anticarum angustiore; inaculis quiitque subapicalibus albis, fascia margin-ili posticarum latiore venis angustius nigrescentibus ; corpus tliorace ciiierco-fusco, abdomine albo : exp. alar. unc. 3, lin. 3.

r.vMii.Y NVMruAMD.T;. n:}

? Al;i' supra iiii^ro -fusca' ; anticas ftMv vclut in I). A^«<////or' 9 inaciilutu', fascia media alhidioro ot inau:is iiitoijra; posticae phii^is trilius inaciilisque qiiatuor squainosis a mari^iiic alxlotiiiiiali scrio arcuata docivscciitc currcnlibus, striaque squamosa discoidali a vena mcdiaiui ah his separata: ec)r])iis thoracc nigro; ahdomiue alhu, stria dorsali c'iiierea, autonnis niij:ris ; aUe siil)lus vehit in mare at i)alli<lioros ot maculis sex auticis subapicalihus alhis : exp. ahir. imc. 3, lin. 2.

(J , ? Philippiuos [Mindanao ?] B. ]\r.

Intermediate between 1). Ptisltho'e and D. liennimji'i'.

.1. Delias Ochreopicta , jiys. 4, ■'■

$ Tlivea Oeliivopieta, Buller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. JEisl., p. 211 ((Jet. lS(i<)).

Al;e supra nigro-fuseio, antica.' fero vcUxt in D. Eijhd'm, cLuere()-all)i(h) tasciata; et einereo punetatie ; posticai fere velut in D. Ileuniiigia, ])lai,'a ah(h)minali l»re\i()re et ochraeea ; corpus uigro-ciuereum ; alae subtus iis J). IleuuiiKjiiC pi-rsimiles, antiea> autem fascia alba magis obliqua : striolis quiiKpie su])apicalibus ; posticic oclnaceo-llava^, striohi hasali angustiore; corpus thoraee nigro, abdominc albido : exp. ahir. uuc. 2, lin. 9—, unc. 3.

? Alai supra nigro-fusca?, area hasali fusca, antica) velut in uiare, fascia autem alba vix cincrescentc ; postictc plaga ])ei'niagna introrsum cincrco tiucta a venis in partes quincpio divisa, plagisque tribus inconspicuis apicalibus inter veuas fuscis : corpus nigro-cinereum abdominc all)0 cinereo-dorsato ; akc subtus fere veliit in mare : exp. alar. imc. 3, lin. 2.

Philippines [Luzon], $ , Colls. E. M. and Salvin ; ? , Coll. Salvin.

Kiisily di.stin^'uislietl fr<pMi D. Hciiniiir/ia l)y its more arclied frontwings, and the more oclmiceous colouring of the yellow in hindwin^'s, with other less striking' differences, it is intermediate l)etweeii D. JJi'iiiiinijiit and /). Kijinlin.

.',. Delitin Iiifenia, sjj. >wc.,Jiff. 0.

^ Ala' supra velut in JJ. Anitia, subtus chalybco-nigne, antiea- areis intc- riore et maru:inaii fiisce.scentihus ; plaga obliqua disco-cellulari. maculis<pie suli- maririnalibns sipiamosis rtavis; postica* plai,^•l hasali coccinca ; corpus nigro-cini-- reum, ca])ite et prot horace snl)tus cinereis, abdominc flavo : exp. alar. imc. 3, lin. 9.

? Alic supra dimidio hasali aureo-fulvo, apicali nigro ; area abdoniiujili posticaruni flavicante : area tota nigro conspersa ; corpus tlu)racc vircscente ; subtus fere vclut in marc, antictc autem plaga disco cell nlari duplo latiorc : exp. alar. unc. 3, lin. Id.

North Western Australia. ,? , B. M.; ? , Coll. W . W . Saunders.

I believe Mr. Hewilson ha.s sevenil examples of this s]iecies, it is qnitc distinet from I). Arnnii, tie; fi'iiialc b,iii'_' very unlike it on tlii' nppi-r siirl'acre and indeed more like D. B'lignii'i.

(il. FA Ml I.'* iii:si'i:i:ii) K.

G. DcVmi^ Fragalactcd, Jit/. 7. (J Tliyca Fragalactea, Bittlcr, Ann. and Mair. Nat. Ilisi.. p. 21:5 lOcf . ls(i<)).

The exam])le wliieh I liave ligim-il is not \\\o typo, Imt ;i v:uiity intormodiatc iM'twccii // Fniijiiladt'fi and J). Artjenflimia, in tlio Colk-etions of Jlessrs. Osbert Sulvin anil \V. W. Saunders, so tliat it is highly probable that the typical form in the Britisli Museum is merely a northern race of J). Argenthona ; in the latter the black area of the hindwin'is is limited by the outer edge of the central red spot, which gives the insect a very dilforent aspect.

FAMILY HESPERID/E.

GENUS GONIUIiUS. Hubuer.

FLATE XXV.

1. Gonhirus Lindora, fuj. 1.

(louiuris Liudora, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., i, p. I'Jl, u. 1 (l)c(vinbor, 1870).

Ake supra olivacojc apiid hasiii cinoroscontes, auticjc pla^^^a modia, maoiila- quc Subapicali liyalinis, corpus miuiino viresccns ; ahe subtiis pallidioros, ])()s- lica; fasciis punctisquo obscurioribits ; macula subanali albida : corpus pallidc cincresccus, palpis et protboraco sordidc all)idis : c\\). alar. unc. 1, liu. 11.

Allied to G. Deaismtii and G. Au<iltius.

— ? Coll. Kadcu in Coll. Dnuv.

2. Goniu)-iis llirtiuii,ji(j. S.

Goniuris Jlirtius, Butler, Trans. Ent. !Soc. Loud., 1, p. 491, u. 2 (December, 1870).

Affinis praecedcnti, alls lua^is augulatis, posticis striis duabus uu'diis i'uscis ; subtus pallido olivacco-f uscis ; posticic maculis tribus in triangulo ])ositis subcostalibns, stria discali et fascia niarn'inali ohscurius fuscis : corpus I'uscum : exp. alar. nnc. 1, lin. 10.

Venezuela. Coll. lvad(Mi in Coll. Druce. E. Peru. B.M.

.>. Goniurus Jethira,Jiii. .'i.

Goniuris Jctliira, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Loiul.. I. 102, u. '.\ (Di-c isyo).

Ala3 supra olivaceo-fuscte, anticye uiaculis ([uiiKiuc uiediis byaiinis flavis, ti'ibus subapicalibus unoquc discali; subtus rurescentes, antic;e macula trian- oiiiari puuctisque tribus costalibus iiii;-ris, stria discali fusca ; posticte fascia iiii'dia nio'rescentc, lu-lmla siibinari;'in;ili, cauda, puurldiiiic apicali i'uscis, stria suliapicali niii;ra : corpus cinerco-l'iiscuni : exp. alar. unc. 2. lin. 2.

I'tru. Coll. Druce.

FAMILY IIESPERIDjE. 65

v. Colli urns Cori/don,fig. 2.

Goniuris Corydnii. Jhiffcr, Trans. Ent. Sne. Lond., t, p. V^'I. n. I, (Doccinl)or, 1«7<» .

Alse supra fiisctc punctis quinquc mediis, uno discali et tril)iis sulKipk-alilms all)is liyalinis; ciliis ochraceis ; aliii subtus area cxtei'iia ciiierco-albida, stria un- data submart^inali fusca; postictc fascia intcrrupta media altcraque discali arcuata iiii;rescentibus ; corpus cinorco-fuscuui, palpis all)is : cxj). nlar. uuc. 1, liii. 11.

Cuba. Coll. Kadcn in Coll. Druco.

5. Goniiinis L'c'iiiH,Jifj. 5.

Goniuris Ceuis, Butler, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond., 1, p. 193, n. 5 (Dec. 1870).

Ala? supra fusca; ; autica; stria media alba subhyalina, puuctis duobus discalibus, tribusque subapicalibus ; posticre stria undata discali fusca ; alje subtus rufescentes : punctis fusco cinctis et counectis; posticiE fasciis ti-ibus obscure fuscis punctoquc ojusdom coloris basali ; cauda nigrescente, ciliis ciuereis : corpus fuscum, palpis all)i(lis : cxp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 11.

— ? Coll. Kadeu in. Coll. Druce.

Tliis and several otlier species of Hr.ij>i'ri(hv have been introduced by Dr. Herrieh-Schatfer into a iii\sti<;il diagnostic table, but, as he liimself informs us, that he did not intend to give any descriptions ( •• (hiss ieh keine Heschreibungen gcbeii wollte ") it is useless for me to quote them.

GENUS EUDAMUS. Swaitison. 1. Eudiinms Epi(fena, jig. 6. Eudamtis Epigena, Butler, Trans. Eut. Soc. Lond., 1-, p. 103, u. 0 (December, 1870).

Ala; supra fuscte, anticie punctis septem (tribus subapicalibus) discalil)us albis liyalinis ; ciliis ocbraceis ; posticic ciliis nivcis : alae subtus fusco, cinereo uigro([ue mannoratw, posticte fascia lata marginal! alba, fusco reticulata : corpus fuscum : exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 11. Mexico. Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druco.

GENU.S TELEGONUS. //-/Wr 1. Telcgonus Egregius, Jig. 11. Telegonus Egregius, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond., 1, \). I'.M, n. 1, (December, 1870).

Ala; supra dimidio basali viridi, apicali fusca ; punctis duobus costalil)us tertio sul)apic:ili, striola modiana et puucto submediana liyalinis; postic;e ciliis albidis ; aUe sul)tus vclut in G. Ceni (ante) : exp. alar. unc. 2.

— ? Coll. Ivadcu in Coll. Drucc.

66 FAMILY UESPERrD-B.

?. Telegonita Cepio,fi!fs. 9, 10. Tologonus Ccpio, Butlci\ Trans. Ent. Snc. Loud., 1-, p. 10 1, n. 2 ('Dec. 1S70\ Alno supra ochrat'(>n-fusc!r, ])lai!:a quadrilida media, punctoadlifcrontomimito iiiac'ulaque (a venis in partes quinque divisa) sub-apicali, liyalinis ; postiese stria punctoque fuscis ; antictx; subtus olivacofe basi flavesconto ; posticre area basali flava, apicali fiisca introrsnm a maculis obseurioribus limitata ; corpus flaviduni, pal])is albis. e\p. alar. uiic. 2. \'u\. ~ .

Venezuela. Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druce. Tlio chrj'salis is also from Dr. Kadcn's Collection.

3. Telegonns Lotus, ft/. 12.

Telesfoniis Lotus, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1, p. 1-95, n. 3. (Dec. 1870.)

Alse supra fuseo' area basali pallidiore, antictc niaeiilis tribus mediis et una exteriorc byalinis ; corpus fuscvmi : alsB subtus pallidiores, area discoidali anticarum nigrescente, apicali cinercscente, externa olivaceo-fusca ; postica? dimidio costali a fasciis quatuor diflfusis, fuscis, cinereo-niarginatis, marmorato ; cor])US fuscum, palpis albidis : oxp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 5.

Venezuela. Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druce.

GFAaTS .KTlllLLA. IL-wifson.

1. JEthilla Jfemmius, Jig. 7.

^tbilla Memmius, Butlrv, Trans. Ent. Soe. London, 1. p. 195, n. 1, (1870).

Ala3 supra piceae ; subtus velut supra ; postica? fiascia nebulosa niarginali aurantiaca niaculas tres fuscas ineludente ; corpus piceum : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 0.

Venezuela. Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druce.

2. jElhilla Goraclna, fig. 8.

^tbilla Coracina, Butler, Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1, ]i. 1.95, n. 2. (Dec. 1870).

AUc supra piceai indistinct(> lilacino fosciatw ; subtus i)allidiores ; ar(>a niar- ginaU squamis cinereo-albidis rovata; corpus piceiun : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. t.

Ipaunema (Beske). Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druce.

The two species above described offer a good illustration of the Generic Divisions of ])r. Ucrrich- fS<'hafrer. one being referred by him to the Genus Ac/ih/mlis and the other to TuliUcs.

FAMILY PAPILIOXIDJ^.

SUB-FAMILY PIERIN.E. Bates.

GENUS CALLIDIiYAS. BoMluval.

PLATE XXVI.

[Monograph continued.] 1. Cullidryas Irrigata, jigs. 1, 2.

? Callidryas Irriijata, Butler, Traus. Ent. Soc. Loud, p. 9, n. 2 (1870).

Male. Unknown.

Female. "Wings above rosy-tinted ocliraccous ; frontwings with a brown spot iiiterrupioi by the lower disco-cellular nervure, a second extending round the apex, the discoidal ncrv'ures also terminating in brown points ; hindwings with marginal patches of rosy scalings upon tiie ncrvurcs : lieliiw ochraceous irrorated with ferruginous; frontwings with a broad discal zigzag interniptcd band, dilfuscd internally and bounded externally by a purplish line ; a double silver-centred clisco-cellular ring-spot ; liindwings with two similar shining spots and about seven diffusely silvery markings forming an irregular arch round the celL

Locality — 9, Ipaunoma ? Brazil Coll. Kaden in Coll. Dr\icc.

Intermediate in character between the Eubule and Cipris groups ; it is the smallest tailed sipccie!" of the genus, and differs from C. Ncocypris, its nearest ally, in the slightly more curved out«r margin

Jubj. 1S7I. K

68 FAMILY PAPILIOXTP.E.

nf tlie frontwings, ■\vliith are not edged with a (•(mtimious series of brown points ; both surfiices more deeply coloured, the uiidcr-suil'ace densely irror.Ued with ferruginous, and the silver markings broader and inoro diffused.

19. Calltdryas Neoci/pris, Jiffs. 3 — 6. $ Colias Neocypris, Riibner, Exot. Sclimett. 2, pi. 130, figs. 1, 2 (1806).

Male. AA'inf,'s above sulphur-yellow ; frontwings with central area to mealy border golden- yellow ; outer margin orange-yellow ; nervures conspicuously tijiped with black ; hindwings with outer margin, except mealj' patch and iier\-ures, broadly orange-yellow ; ncr\'ures black -tijiped •' below orange-j-ellow irroratod with ferruginous, nervures black-tipped ; frontwings with large irregular silver-centred reddish-brown disco-cellular spot and zigzag discal macular band of same colour ; internal area sulphur-yeUow ; hindwings with two disco-cellular silver spots surrounded by a red-brown patch ; several spots near base and an arched discal series of irregular markings, all lirowii.

Female. Wings above sulphur-yellow becoming goklen-ycllow externally, outer margin inclining to orange ; frontmngs with a large black disco-cellular spot and a well-defined series of black points terminating the nervures: below orange-yellow becoming sulphureous externally; a marginal series 'if silver spots bounded on both sides by purplish dots ; frontwings with kidney-shaped silvery- centred disco-cellular spot and a zigzag discal series of silver markings; hindwings with two disco- cellular silver spots surrounded by a greyish silvery patch ; the discoidal cell surrounded by an irregularly arched series of silver markings ; nervures silver-tipped.

Localities— (J, ErazU. CoU. Kaden in Coll. I)ruce. $ — ] Coll. Ilewitson.

I'lie above sjiecies has been referred by modei-n authors to C. C'/jiri.-,-, it however dillrra from it in so many particulars tliat, witliout evidence of their identity, it would be rash to consider it a variety of that species ; in all probability, if we possessed more accurate localities for this and several other nearly allied species in this genus, we should find that they were confined to a more limited area than is at present accorded to them.

PAMIL1' PAPILIONID.E. G9

SO. Callidryas Cipria, figs. 7 — 10.

S Papilio Cipris, Fahriciits, Eut. Syst. 3, 1, p. 212, u. 6G3 (1793) ; Donovan, Nat. Eep. 2, pi. 10, fii?. 1 (1824).

? Callidryas Bracteolata, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Loud., p. 158, n. 0, pi. 26, fig. G (18G5).

Male. AViiigs above suli)liur-yi;Ilow ; frontwings witli central area to mealy bonier pair golden-yellow ; nervures minutely black-tij)peil ; liindwings with outer area except mealy patch golden-yellow ; nervures minutely black-tipped : below golden-yellow, finely irrorated with ferruginous, nervures minutely black-tipped ; frontwings with silver-centred disco-cellular red-brown sjiot and slender zigzag discal macular line of same colour ; internal area whitish ; hin<lwings with two disco-cellular silver spots on an oblique red-brown line ; several markings near base and an indistinct arched discal series of irregular markings, all red-brown.

Female. "Wings above sulphur-yellow ; frontwings with large disco-cellular black spot and a slender black line at apex : below greenish-yellow tinted with orange or brownish towards base and externally, and finely irrorated with ferruginous; a more or less distinct semicircular nebulous red-flecked greyish bar at base ; frontwings with silver-centred reddish disco-cellular spot and zigzag discal series of silver markings ; nervures silver-tipped ; hindwings with two disco-cellular silver spots surrounded externally by a reddish line ; the discoidal cell surrounded by a series of silver markings, nervures silver-tipped.

Localities — $, $, Brazil, B.JI. ; Peru, Coll. Druce.

Til is species seems to be stiU rare in Collections. I have generally found it represented by males of C. Virgo, which closely resemble it. The present group is one of the illustrations occurring throughout the genus of similarity in males of allied forms, with dissimilarity of females.

C. Clprln was confounded by lliibncr, Cramer, and others willi the C. Lurra of Fabricius ; iliibner, moreover, showed a want of care in naming his new and allied species C. Neoci/2)rw (sic). I can scarcely think the alteration in the spelling intentional.

FAMILY PAPILTONID.t:.

CENUS KESPEROCHARIS. Fehb-

T LATE XX VI I.

Ilesperocharis Idiotica, fig. 2. ? Ilolioclu'oma Idiotica, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1, ]). L") (18(»1)).

Ala; supra aureo-flavtc, apice anticarum tenuissime fiiseo ; corpus thoraco uigresccutc pilis sericeo-ciuereis, abdomine flavido : subtus clariores ; antica* area interna albicaute ; postica? maeulis duabus costalibus uuaque interna apud vciKi' mcdiaiur iiirdiuiii : corpus f'uscum : exp. alar. unc. 2, liu. G.

r Coll. Kaden in Coll. Druce.

Allied to //. cniccd of Dates, from Costa Eica.

The },'enus J/elincIiromn will, I tliitik, luive to sink into a section of Hesiieroclinrls ; I can tinil 110 constant structural characters Ly which to sej)arati' it. There is a remarkable undescribed sjiecies in Jlr. Hewitson's Collection, which, at first sight, I took to be a Meijotiostnma : the undcr- snrfaci' of this insect somewhat resembles a leaf.

<;enus EUcnLOE. nahu;-.

Euchloe Lhnoneu,fi(j. 1.

i Euchloe Linionoa, Jin tier. Trans. Ent. Soc. Loud., p. 172 (1871).

Affmis F. Geniit'ue, al;e anticte falcata;, supra flavo-albidic ; apico flava^ fascia niari^iuali ad apicem olivacea, iutrorsuni a fascia subapicali aurantiaca, liniitafa ; macula disco-cell ulari niu:ra ; basi nigreseente ; posticie fiava>, basi

7'AMILV PAPll.IONID.n. 71

iiitfi'oscoute ; alio siibtus fundo volut supra; anticjc apicc olivacco fuscoque iiTorato; fascia supiM-na aurantiaca per alas eonspicua, vcnis nigro acumi- iiatis ; postica» vrlut in IJ. Genutia olivaceo marmoratse ; corpus albidum, alxldniinc ilavcsccutc : cxp. alar. unc. 2.

Mexico. Coll. AV. AV. Saunders.

Tliis is tlie fouvth descrilicd species of the little section Miden, which, though it dilfers onlj- froin Euchhii in the falcate form of the frontwings, has been erected into a distinct genus by r)r. Ilerrich-Schiifier. His own observation will certainly apply here — " Dass ohne scharf abgegrenzte Cattungen die Aufstellung und Beschreibung ncuer Arten gar keuien Werth hat." E. Limonia is intermediate lietwcen E. Genutia and E. tkolymua.

GENUS PEREUTE. Hcrrich-SchUfer.

Pcreule Latona, fi(j. 3.

,J Euterpe liatona, Buller, Cist. Ent. i. p. 13 (1869).

Af^nh%\ma P. Lencodrosymte ; al:c supra nigro-fuscse, area interno-hasali aulicarum et area basali posticaruin albido-cinereis ; autica; fasciola ol)lii|ua media, a vena mediana interrupta, coecinea ; striga subcostali albida ; corpus cinereo-albiduni, eapite nigresccnte : subtus pallidiorcs, venis nigris ; autiea; lasciola superua coecinea ; vena costali alba ; posticic punctis duobus basalibus coecineis : corpus, tborace nigro-fusco, al)doniiue allto : cxp. alar. unc. 2, \m. 10.

— r Coll. Kadcn in Coll. Druce.

Nearly allied to Leucoilrogyme, but with the frontwings more elongated, the ground colour deeper ; the basal grey colouring extending farther into the wing and the red band broken up into two spots. The flower introduced into our plate is the Sulvia patens of Benthani, from the mining districts of Mexico.

FAMILY NYMPHALID^.

SUB-FAMILY KYMPHALIN.E. Bates.

GENUS ATEKICA. Doisduvul.

FLATE XXVIII.

1. Aterica Zonara, figs. 1, 2.

S , ? Aterica Zonara, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 81 (1871).

S AltE supra fulvfc, cliaractoribus discoidcis, basi posticarum, sericbus ti'ibus macularum, margino oxterno costaque anticarum, linea submarijinali undulata et altera margiuali posticarum, nigro-fuscis ; posticaj costa et niarginc iutemo pallidioribus ; corpus fulvum : subtus pallide roseo-fuscse vel ochracere characteribus basalibus irregularibus jxillidc bruiincis, nigro-cinctis ; punctis inter vcnas discalibus nigris ; linea tennissima dentato-undulata fusca ; antica^ stria squamosa pone medium obliqua nigra ; posticic punctis tribus brimneis nigi'o-cinctis discoidcis ; area media brunnea, a plaga lata fusco limitata ocliracea interrupta : corpus pallide ocliraceum : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 4.

? Alse supra sordide ocliracetc, maculis velut in mare sed multo latioribus ; posticai fascia lata pallide ochracea ad marginem internum decrescente : corpus fuscum : subtus griseai fasciis maculisque velut in mare, sed fuscis : corpus sordide llavidum : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 0.

Fantee, Cape Coast (VasJier). Coll. Swanzy.

FAMILY NYMPnALIDH;. 73

Owing to a most unfortunate accident, ■\vhicli luis occurred since the completion of my plate, this is the only species figured on Plate xxvii. which remains in a cabinet condition : it belongs to the Ahsolon group of the genus.

2. Aterica Felicia, fuj. 3. ? Aterica Felicia, Buller, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 80 (1871).

Alfe supra olivaceo-fiiscjc ; anticfc cliaraeteribus aiimilariljus basalibus, stria postmedia octoliinata, luna quinta reversa, pallidc ocliraccis ; ])unctis quatuor suhapiealibus ill serie arcuata positis, albidis; fascia luaculas niijras iucludeute aniiulari discali, altera tenuiore submarginali, ct tertia marginal], ochraceo-fuscis ; posticae fascia lata media angulata ochracca, cmn fascia maculas bastatas incliulciitc partim confusa ; stria undulala banc fere attin- gente ocbraceo-fusca, discali ; vcnis ocbraceis ; coitjus fusciim : aire subtus grisca*, pallidiores ; antica) fascia obliqua alba ; fasciis anniilaribus minus distinctis : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. Hi.

Fantec, Cape Coast (Ussher). Coll. Swanzy.

This fine species is allied to A. Opts of Drury ; it is probable tliat the male is of a blue or purple colour above, a-s in that species.

GEXUS IIAItMA. West,i-<x>d.

Harm a Luyida,Jl(). 4.

Ilarma Lurida, Buller, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 80 (1871).

Ala; supra flavo-fulva>, basi saturatiores ; margine externo nigro ; anticaa apice. costa apicali ct puuctis subtribus apicalil)us, uigris ; area media dilutiore; posticu; ad basin obscurtD, fuscescentes ; margine introrsum augulis alternis imdata ; stria discali undata, apud apicem desincnte : corpus fuscum : subtus fuscai, cbaracteribus basalibus paululuni brunneis, nigro-ciuctis ; fascia discali indistincta obscuriorc, introrsum a liuea undata rufesccnte limitata ; area

74 FAMILY NYMPITALID.E.

extorna grisco-all)i(l;i, fiisco partim obscurata (ad apicem anticaruni aiitcm alba) puncta nigra iiitor voiias iiicliulciitc ct a striis (bialnis iiiidatis fuscis plus minus intcrsecta : corpus griscum : cxj). alar. um-. .'), liii. 3. Fantcc, Cape Coast ( TJssher). Coll. Swanzy.

Tliis haiulsonie ILirmn is allied to II. Ilesindiui of Ilewitson ; it, however, differs considerably fi-om all the described species.

GENUS EURYPIIKXE. Westwood. Earyphene 3Iardania, figs. 5, 6.

? Papilio Mardania, Fubncius, Ent. Syst. 3, p. 219, n. 770 (1793).

S Papilio Cocalia, Fahrichis, Ent. Syst. 3, p. 250, n. 777 (1793).

S " alis dontatis fuscis, anticis nigro, flavoqiie inaculatis, subtus omnibus griseis, striga puuctorum alborum." {Fahr.)

? " alis dentatis fulvis ; anticis apice nigris, fascia alba ; posticis punctis quatuor ocellaribus flavis." {Fabr.)

Fantce, Cape Coast (TJssher). Coll. Swanzy.

The male of this species is wretchedly ligurcd in Donovan's Insects of India (pi. 3G, tig. I) as P. Cocnlia, and I am glad of an opportunity of figuring the two sexes together. The Fabrician diagnosis of the female, given above, is somewhat vague ; the " punctis quatuor ocellaribus llavis " probably refers to the four indistinct ocellations nearest to the apex of hindwings. The fuller description says, " Posticse fulvaj punctis quatuor oblongis flavis pupilla nigra, versus marginem striga obsoleta, fusca," &c. It is possible that these ocellated markings were better defined in the Fabrician type. We have a poor specimen of the female in the Collection of the British Jfuseum from Ashanti : I formerly supposed the male to be the £. Thcofjnis of llewitson, which now proves to be a distinct, but nearly allied species ; the first words of the Fabrician description, " Statura omnino pnccedciitis," show the near relationship between his P. Cocalia and P. Mardania.

FAMILY PAPiLIOMD.E.

SrB-F.UrTLY PTEP.TX.E. Bates. UE^'US CALLIDKYAS. BuUduval.

FLATJ'J XXIX.

[Monograph Continued.]

21. CaUidri/as Vlryo, jujs. 1 — Jf.

S , ? Callidryas Virgo, Butler, Tr. Eut. Soc. Loud., p. 9, n. 1 (1870).

Mnh. Wings above sulithiir-yellow ; frontwings with central area to meal}' border pale golden- yellow ; nervures black-tipped ; bind wings with outer area except mealy patch pale golden-yellow ; netrures black-tijjped : below golden-yellow irrorated here and there with reddish-brown, nervures black-tij)ped ; frontwings with silver-centred sub-geminate disco-cellular red-brown spot and grejnsh- brown zigzag series of sagittate spots ; internal area pale yellow ; hindwings with two disco-cellular silver spots enclosed in a red-brown ])atch ; a short red-brown baud at base and a circular series of sagittate markings between nervures, all greyish-brown.

Fcmulf. "Wings above rosj'-white, a large disco-cellular spot, the apex and points terminating the nervures, all black-brown : below greenish or bluish-white irrorated with red-brown, the margins slightly ochre-tinted ; frontwings vi\i\\ rosy silver-centred disco-cellular spot, and a zigzag discal series, of eight silver spots bounded externally by a rosy line ; the marginal spots surrounded by rosy scales and bounded internally by diffused silver scales ; a red spot at base ; hindwings with two rosy silver- centred disco-cellular spots, surrounded bj' a circular discal series of rosy-bound silver sagittate- markings ; a red spot at base.

Ix)calities — <J, ?, Mexico, Coll. Saunders. 6, Oaxaca, Coll. B.M. 9, Mountains of Oaxaca, K. Side ; San Geronimo, Vera I'az. $, Apolobamba, Oil. Salvin. 6, Volcano of Chirinui, Panama (lirnliir^), Coll. IJ.M.

l»ill'frs from C. Cqirin in the more arched outer margin of frontwings, more pronounced tails to liindwings, white colour of the female and several otlicr minor cliaracters ; it is generally rather larger than C. Cipn'it, although not so in my ligures, which are tjiken from small Mexican specimens.

October, 1S71. L

70 FAMILY PAl'lI.IOMD.E.

22. CalUdryas Jiurina,fifjs. 5 — 5.

$ , ? Callidryas llurina, Felder, AVicn. Eut. Mon. v., p. 82, u. 30 (ISfil) ; Keise der Novara, 2, p. 191, n. 193, pi. xxvi., iii,'s. 9—11 ('1805').

Mali'. Wings above sulphur-yellow, froiitwiiigs with central area to mealy patch and outer niar"in bright golden-yellow ; nervurcs black-tippeil ; hiiulwings with outer area including mealy jiatch bright golden -yellow ; nervures black-tipped : below sulphur-yellow irrorated with red-brown; margins "olden-yellow ; nervures of hindwings black-tipped ; frontwings with two unecjual diamond-shaped red-brown disco-cellular spots with pale centres ; a grey zigzag discal series of sagittate markings, some of them confluent ; internal area pale yellow ; hindwings suffused with reddish scales at base ; two ,disco-cellular silver spots enclosed in a red-brown patch, an irrcgidar band crossing basal half of cell and a circular series of spots between nervures, all red-brown, those on discal area placed in the centres of greyish sagittate markings.

Fp.mah'. AVings above suli)luu' j'ellow ; frontwings with a large double disco-cellular brown spot ; five squamose points upon disc, three forming a triangle near apex, and two between median liranches ; nervures terminated by conspicuous black spots greatly increasing in size at apex where they are interrupted by the nervures, all these spots are bounded within by red scales ; hindwings with ■jiiter area golden yellow, nervures terminating in conspicuous red patches ; costal and abdominal areas white ; below bright sulphur yellow ; outer margin pale rosy-lilac, broadest on hindwings ; frontwings with large disco-cellular grey-brown patch ; a zigzag series of silver markings, bounded externally by purplish ; hindwings with two disco-cellular sUver spots upon a large red-brown patch ; two short bands within cell and a semicircular discal series of markings, all silver, bounded externally by purplish-brown ; base and interno-basal area speckled with red scales.

Localities — $, Venezuela {Dyson); Bogota (//. Stercn."), Coll. CM. ?, <J, Xew Granada, ("oil. KailiMi in Coll. Druce. ?, Coll. Hewitson.

The most remarkable of the tailed species of CnUidri/as.

77

FAMILY ARCTIIDJi:.

CENUS PERIC'DPIS. Huln.r.

FLA TE XXX.

Fericopis Itoiina, J'kj. 1.

? Pericopis Rosina, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 82 (1871).

Ahc supra fuscaj ; auticte fasciis tribus latis subliyalinis, prima ad basin, sccimda media, tertia subapicali ; puncto basali cocciuco ; postica; nipjrescentes, fascia anali, submarginali, niaculari, rosea, maciilisque siibtril)us ejusdeni i-oloris in serie coutinua ad costam docrescentibus ; punetis quatvior antomar- t^iualibus, analibus, albidis ; ciliis fiiscis : corpus uigresccns,

Ala; subtus pallidiores ; antica^ area basali obseuriore ; fasciis duabiis exterioribus supernis, albis; posticai puncto basali coccineo; macula extrema submar2:inali rosea desinentc ; alitor velut supra : abdomen fascia ventrali fusca utrinque puuctis lacteis squamosis limitata et a maculis duabus aiireo- flavis terminata : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 8.

Ega {Bates). Colls. B. :M. and W. "W. Sauiulcrs.

Allied to P. Icucojilina of Walkti.

78

FAMILY SATURNIIU.E.

GENUS BRAIIM.EA. Walker. Brahmcea Sicanzii, Jig. ;?.

$ Bralimaea Swanzii, Butler, Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond., p. 11 (Jan. 1871).

Affinis B. Lucince, differt alis anticis brevioribus, latioribus, minus arcuatis ; fascia centrali alba magis continua, angustiorc ; fasciis ai-ere basalis anticarum multo latioribus ; fasciis a[)U(l apicem solum fiiscis, alitor omnibus nigris; macula tertia anticarum baud olongata, gradatim obscurata, quasi elevata; macula iiltima, anali, baud gciniuala vcl oviformi, ot a fascia centrali interrupta : exp. alar. unc. 0, lin. 2.

Pantee, Cape Coast (U.s.sfier). Coll. Swanzy.

This magnificent species is iutciineJiatc between i>. Luclna and li. lunuluia ; it belongs to tho most elaborately ornamented genus of the Saiurni'uhv, and in many of its markings forcibly reminds one of the Argus pheasant among birds ; the disposition of the bands on the basal area of the frontwings produces an effect very siniihir to tlmt seen on the feathers of many pheasants, whilst the submaigitial spots, delicately shaded so as to resemble shells of the genus Ci/prcea, and bounded internallj' by a series of wavy black bars, produce an effect scarcely surpassed bj' the ball-and-socket feathers of the Argus pheasant (See Darwin's Descent of !Man, and Selection in Kelation to Sex, Vol. ii., p. 143, fig. 56). Speaking of the probable development of the ball-and-socket ocelli through the agency of sexual selection, Jlr. Darwin remarks, — " No one, I presume, will attribute the shading, which has excited the admiration of many experienced artists, to chance — to the fortuitous concourse of atoms of colouring matter." " In order to discover how the ocelli have been developed, we cannot look to a long line of progenitors, nor to various closely allied forms, for such do not now exist. But, fortunately, the several feathers on the wing suffice to give us a clue to the problem, and thej- jirove to demonstration that a gradation is at least possible from a mere spot to a finished ball-and-socket ocellus."

Now, as with the Argus pheasant, the wing of my Bmhmaia, in its several internervular divisions, exhibits a gradation which is a complete key to the development of the egg-like spots near the outer margin ; the anal sjiots of the frontwings and tlie ai>ical .spots of the hindwings remain

r.VMILY SATURNIID.E. 79

almost in their primitive condition, and prove that the beautifully shaped ocelli arc the result of the iiiodilication of three of the discal bands witii their interspaces ; tlie central band is widened and toned down in colour, and the irregularities of the two outer bands modified into a regular arch, and then wc get ocelli such as the fourth on the frontwings ; now comes tiie most difficult point — the introduction of light, but looking at the third ocellus of the hindwings we see the internervular fold of a whitey- brown colour which Ixjcoraes white in the fourth ocellus, is modilied into a small white spot in the hfth, and into a large elongate spot in the sixth ; thus we see that, if necessary, the three black bands with their interspaces, immediately following the central white band, could as c;jsily be modilied into a second scries of oviform ocelli.

But now the question arises — Is there any Bra/nnivn entirely destitute of these remarkable ocellations ? To this I can only reply that at present I do not know of any ; it is however an imjjortiint fact that li. Swanzii and li. Litciwi are the only species that have brought them to perfection, wliilst in Brahnuca luniilafft they are entirely wanting to the hindwings ; in li. Orthia and B. W/iilvi they appear to have been produced by the modification of two only of the discal bars, and therefore more nearly resemble drops of dirty water than oviform ocelli.

Supposing that the above ocelli have been produced by sexual selection, as I am inclined to believe, from the fact that there are slight differences between those of the male and female in Ji. Certhi'i (the only species of which I have seen both sexes), I can conjecture how this action may have come into play : it will be clear, at least to every artistic eye, that the ocelli upon the opposite wings are lighted up from opposite directions, and therefore, taken together, are incorrectly shaded ; it is also manifest that, not only would some of the ocelli be hidden when the moth was at rest, but in that condition it could never charm its partner ; however, the habits of many of the day-flying moths, .to which this genus in all probability belongs, have guided me to what I think may be the correct solution of the difficulty — the females of many of these moths when fresh remain motionless, whilst their admirers, sometimes in numbers, fly round them ; very many moths when approaching the female swing up and down with a pendulum motion behind her, gradually shortening the movement as they near the prize ; in this kind of flight the female would only see two wings perfectly at the end of each swing, and it would be desirable that these wings should be correctly shaded, as wouM be the case with Bntlimiva Sicniizii.

I am doubtful about the accuracy of the white markings in the central black patch of the front- wings, the specimen from which I took my figure being somewhat rubbed.

A curious coloured ocellus in course of formation may be seen in fig. 3 of the same jilate, whilst on pi. xxxi. fig. 1, an interesting alierration of Roiifikosonui CerM, in which most of the usual black spots are converted into glossy blue, has retained two of these spots in a transitional state, and thus given us a clue to the probable development of the ordinary ocelli so common on S'lii/ridiaii butterflies, and to the origin of the ring-like markings in the discoidal cell so universal in the allied genera £uri/j)JieHe Aterica, Ilnrmn, Ailoli'ts, &c.

80 FAMILY SATIUNIID.K.

(JEN US JANA. Boisdnval

Jaua Jiosacea, sp. /lor.Jiij. 3.

S Aloe aiitic*a> supra pallidiP, ocliract'o-rusc;p ; punctis tribus siil)l)asalil)us trianijulum r()rinantil)iis, nigris ; linois siil)tril)us, quariim interna solum c'ontinua, parallclilnis ohliquis nigro-f'uscis, interstitiis bruuueo-tinctis, do apico ad marginis intorni niodium currentiljiis, area externa et plaga adlia'rente anali rosoo-fuscis ; posticjo ocbraccte, venis nigrcscentibus ; area tota basali rosea; area anali rosco-tincta ; striis duabus niediis et duabus irregulariter inter- ruptis angulatis abdominalibus cinguloque sul)ocellari ovali media, nigro-fuscis . corpus pallide ocbraceo-fuseum, fronte albido, collo antennisque nigro-fuscis.

Al;r antict« subtus ochracese, marginibus late ocbraceo-l'uscie ; lincis dual)us obliquis parallelibus fuscis ; postica? ocbraceo-fusciTi, lincis dual)us transversalibus apud apiccni divergentibus i'uscis ; ciliis fuscis ; corpus pallide fuscum, pedibus anticis rosaceis, posticis ocbraceis : cxp. alar. unc. .'}, lin. 7.

Eantce, Cape Coast (Usslier). Coll, Swanzy.

Tlio name of this motli was suggested by the cohnuing of tlic hiiulwiiigs wliieh resembks that <'f a fading rose.

81

TAAl r L V NV.M IMI A LID.E.

SLli-FAMUA' NV.MniALlNJ::. Bates.

(JKNl'S J;u.MALEUSOMA. Bhinchanl

PLATE XXXI.

1. Ilomaleosoma Ceres, var. Jig. 1.

Papilio Ccros, Fobricius, Syst. Eat. p. 501', n. 27~t (1775). PapUio Lucille, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 2, pi. 15G, figs, a, c (1782). var. Papilio ;Mc(lon, Cramer, Pap. Exot. 3, pi. 205, figs, c, D (1782). Piomala^osoma Zeuxis, Weslicood, Gen. Diurn. Lepid. p. 281, n. 11 (1850). vai'. Xajas hilaris Themis, Iluhuer, Samml. Exot. Sclimett (1806-1816). Kinsembo f Ansel! J. Six Specimens.

This interesting variety only ilitlers from the normal form in the colour of the spots on the iinjcr-surlijce, whicli in tlie tyjiical li. Cures are all black, whilst in this form they are mostly blue or ^'roeu. These spots occupy precisely the same positions that they do in the normal form, which proves, notwitiistanding the number of specinuiis (three of each sex), that this is nothing more than an aberration.

2. liomaleosoma Sarcoptcra, sj). nov. fi(j. 2.

S Simillima JR. Janetttc, ditrort forma alarum anticarum ct suLtns margine cxtcrno intcgro nigro ; maculis submarginalibus miuoribus ; S(M-io discali regiilariter increscente, cum serie submarginali continua ; ai'ea anali vix ]turpurasccnto ; fascia subbasali posticarum nigra tenniore, cum maculis disci ct colho discoidalis baud coufusa; macida costali obsoleta : exp. alar. unc. 3. liu. 3.

Gold Coast. Colls. Swanzy and R. Trimcn.

This pretty species might almost be taken for tlie male of R. Jniatln, JiJ we not already know the male of that species ; a specimen was given to Jlr. Trimen, two or three years ago, by Mr. Swanzy.

32 lAMII.V N\M I'll \ 1.1 D.E.

3. Itunialcosoma ViridinoUi, sp. )wv.,fi(j. 3.

Aflinis J?. MQdoni, cliffert magnitudinc ejus iniiioro ; lascia aiitifaruin fulva magis dentata ; area media fasciolari viridi, hand coeruleo-argentca : aho subtus fore veliit in B. Medone : oxp. alar, unc, .'?. lin. 3.

Gaboon (Dii Chaillu.J Coll. B. M.

Nearly allieil to R. Medon and R. A<jnes. Like the latter the central area forms a band, but it is of a yellowish-green colour, not lilac-blue : in R. Mnh>n this area is widely diffused and of a silvery- blue colour.

4. liomalcosoma Janella, fig. A. S , ? Romaloosoma .Tauotta, Jiutler, Troc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 80 (1871).

Al:r auticoc cyaneo-nigrai ; area intcrno-basali flavo-viridi ; plaga magna subapicali fulva viridi tincta ; posticne viridcs ; area apicali flavescente ; macula subcostali basali cocciuoa ; apice ad ramum secundum mcdianum late nigres- cente ; scrie submarginali macularum nigrarum extrorsum viridi marginatarum ; margine anali anguste nigro ; area abdominali fusca : corpus nigro-fuscuui ; akc subtus fere velut in B. Catone maculis autem nigris alitor dispositis ; akv omnes ad basin ruf;c : oxp. alar. unc. 3, lin. 8.

Pantee, Cape Coast ( TJsslier). Colls. Swanzy and B. M.

Allied to R. C'afo, but readily distinguislialile from that species.

5. llomaleosoma Vetusta, sp. nov., fig. 5.

? Aflinis B. Janettcc, differt supra area subapicali fasciani viridciu formantc ; subtus maculis discalibus alitor dispositis; maculis submarginali- bus bilobatis ; fasciola media celbc discoidalis anticarum bipartita ; maculis discoideis posticavum obsoletis ; macula postcellulari nigra : exp. alar. unc. 4.

West Africa. Coll. B. M.

I found line imperfect e.vamplc of this handsome species in an uhl du]ili('ate case, where it had ]>robably been fur many years.

FAMILY ERYCINID^.

SUB-FAMILY NEMEOBIIN^E. Bales. GENUS MESOSEMIA. Huhno,-.

PLATE XXXI I.

1. Mesosemia Jeziela, fuj. 1.

$ Mesosemua Joziola, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1, p. 11, n. 1 (OctoI.er, 1869).

Alic supra basi nigiw, fascia media can-uloa ; anticte lasciola discali, posticaj area apicali, nivoa ; area apicali autioarum apic('(iiic posticarum nigerriiuis : anticoe oeello discoideo, postica? striolis interruptis mediis lineaque submarginali, nigris : corpus nigrum : subtus fusctc, area basali obscurius strigatic ; anticoe oeello superno nigro tripiipillato ; fascia postmedia nivea regulariter arcuata ; postictc area apicali nivea, linea submargiiiali A alteia margiuali fiiscis : corpus fuscum : exp. alar. unc. 1, ILn. 7.

Bogota. Coll. Druce.

Allied to M. Fhih.ckx, E<inhflhi, .Vr.

3. Mesosemia T'eneris, sp. )iov., Jiy. 2.

$ Alae supra obscure coerulcoe, nigro fasciatac ; fascia lata discali nigra ; stria submarginali interrupta, macula media, nigra ; anticaj oeello discoideo nigro imipupillato : corpus nigrescens : alte subtus cinereo-albidtc fusco liueatie et fasciatac; serie lunularum submargiualiiun nigrarum ; limida quinta anti- carum ct (juarta posticarum expansis macidiformibus ; anticio oeello discoideo tripupillato nigro et macida nigra semiocellari infra euni interno-discoidea ; margine fusco intus sinuato : coi'pus albiduni, pedibus fuscescentibus : exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 5.

.Minas Geracs fRoyeriiJ. Cull. W. ^^'. Saunders.

AUiuJ to .1/. Aiitiiricc, of which it is probably the Uiazilian ivjtrL'sentative.

81 FAMILY ERVriNIUI^

3. Meaosemia Is.shia, Jit/s. 3, 4-

? Mesosemia Issbia, Bullcr, Cist. Ent. 1, p. 11, n. 2 (October, 1^09).

Ahu supra fusciu, posticic at area basali aiiticarum obscuriiis striti;atio, anticoe ocello maguo iiigro fulvo-cincto tripupillato ; fascia postinedia rogularitrr arcuata alba, aliquamlo iitrinquc cinorco liuiitata ; posticai diiuidio apicali albo, striis late separatis nigro-fuscis : corpus fuscum : aljB subtus fere velut supra at pallidiores : exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 5.

? Bogota, Coll. Druce ; <? , ? Ega, Colls. Sauuders aud U. M.

It is just possible that the iVmazons form may prove to bo distinct from the Now Granadian one ; it ai)parently diflers in liaving the white band of frontwings bounded on both sides by gr(!y : tlie nialt^ of the latter, wliicli 1 liave figured, is in Mr. Saunders' Collection, the female in the British Museum.

/'. Mesosemia Thymetma, figs. 5, 6. $ , $ Mesosemia Tbymetina, Butler, Cist. Ent. 1, p. 12, n. 3 (October, 1869).

Affinis M. Thymeto, luiuor et fascia alba angustiorc, striis basalibus luagis regidarilms, hitius se|)aratis: exp. alar. uuc. 1, lin. Gi.

Bogota. Coll. Druce.

Allied to M. Thymctun. but i|uitc' distinct.

85

YAM 1 LY NYMPIIALI D.E.

SUB-FAMILY NYMPUALIX.E. B(ffe.'<.

<;KNUS JUNOXIA. Hiibucr.

PLATE XXXIII.

Jiuiou'ta Iria, fig. 1.

.limonia Ixin, Builer, Ent. Mo. Mag. 2, p. 227 (18GG).

.Via' su2)ra allxr, rosoo corto situ tiuctse, area l^asali, costis, linois diialMis margiualibus (intcrspatio in anticis), linoa submarginali, in jiosticis intorrupta, omnibus briinnois; anticie maculis duabus nigroeinctis collani transcurrentibus I'ascia iiTcgulari transversa sinuata ct plaga geminata postcellulari brunneis ; ocoUis subocto discalibus, prime et secundo macularibus fuscis (primo cum macula apicali cnnfuso) ; tcrtio annidari incomplcto, quarto ct scptimo con- >picuis albo-pu])illatis, aliis minutis late albo-cinctis i'usco-cii'cumcinctis, lu'irris : |>nstic;c plaga subapicali ocellos ferentc fusco; ocellis subquinquc, ])rinii) ct quarto pai'vis, tcrtio minutissimo nigris albo-]mpillatis, flavo-ciiu-tis : corpus brunncum.

Alae subtus albiu marginibns venisque ocbraccis ; aulicic basi costa(|U(' l)alli(lc aurantiacis ; fasciolis duabus albis fusco-cinctis discoidcis ; tcrtia ad liasin; fascia media obsolcta ; niaculis siilmiargiualibus distinctis ; fasciis mar- giualibus obsolctis; postictc dimidio basali ochreo iiTorato; striola sul)liasali fiisca ct altera submcdiana ; plaga irrcgulari ocbrea f'usco-cincta discoidca ; linca undulata discoidca ocbrca ; maculis quinquc, prima sccuiula ct (piinta suboccl- latis, apud marginem externum; lineis duabus subniaruiiialibus I'liscis: corpus (jcbraceum; antcniu"s clava ni^^rn I'asciata : exp. alai. mic 2.

West Africa. H..M.

/iiiiiiiin; iSyi.

R6 FAMILY KYMPIIALin.T^.

SUIM'A.M ILV DAXAIX.E. Biiles.

CENTS AMAUins. Hiihmr.

AiiKiHris Iiif('ni(i,fig. 3.

S Amauris Infcnia, BitUcr, J'roc. Zool. Soc. p. 70 (1S71V

AUc antk'iii supra I'ero vdut in ./. o(/i(i\p(i, pla^is autcin (liial)iis mcdiis latins scparatis, maculisquo diiahiis scrici subapicalis cenlraliims \ilui in A. echeria; altc posticaj vclut in A. damocle Ibrniata?, Aolut iii A. heccte colovataj ; auticaj suhtus area apieali diliitioro, punt-tis ti-ilnis ad medium mar- ginis cxterui, submarginalibus albis : exp. alar. unc. 3, lin. 6i.

West Alriea. Coll. ^\. ^\. Saund(u-s.

ilr. Hewitson ha.s a second specimen of this species, which lie considere a variety oi A. lyialca, it is ho\ve\ei-, in my opinion, nearer to A. dnmorh'x, from which it ditlera, besides other characters of less importance, in having a distinct black basi-costal border on under surface of hindwings as in .-1. luratf.

SUB-FAMILY SATYRIN.E. Bates.

GENUS PAL.EOXV.MI'IIA. Ihifhr. I'al(C()n!i»ii>li(i 0])(irni<i, fi(j. 3.

PaltGOiiymplui Opalina, Btttlcr, Trans. Ent. Soc. j). 401 (1871).

AV.p su])ra fusetp, antic;c ocello uuo apieali albo-pupillato linois(|n(' duabiis marginalibus, nig'ris ; ])ostie;e ocollis quatuor nigris ; ])riino apieali indistineto, seeimdo parvo iiicoiis})ieuo, tertio magno, bi])ui)illato, quarto anali parvo, ineon- spieuo ; alai subtus einereu\ striis duabus mediis lineisque duabus subniargiu- alibus, olivaceis ; lin(\a iitarginali tiMuiissinia nigra; antieie ocellis tribus distiuetis aliisque duobus obseuratis, ]irimo a])ieali nigro, argentco-bi])upillato, aliis ])yi'iforini-ovalibus argenteis fitseo ])ers('etis, omnil)Us flavo-einetis ; ])ostietc ocellis (|uii\<|U(', ])rini(), quarto et (piinto nigris, aliis ovalibiis olivaceo-cinctis : exp. alar. uuc. 2, lin. 2.

Sliangbai {W. B. Fryer). Coll. Driiee.

This .species is chielly interesting as being the only known ( >ld \\'orld rciiresentativc of the Oeiuis Eiiii1i)i:hiu (Sect Nroiii/mp/iu).

FAMTT,T XYMIMIAT.TD.E. 87

CKXTS LETHE. Illih,,,',: Lnlhc Dis((()is,fif)s. 4, G, 7.

i L(>tlio Distans, B idler, Trans. Ent. Soc. p. 488 (1870).

Afriuis L. Somioni, diffort costa anticarum maiijis arcuata ot niariiiiie cxtorno inai^is simiato ; jiosticis supra, aiva externa obscure ferru2;inea ; iiiaculis t|uinque discalibus nii:;rescentil)us, secunda maxima ; marc^ine externo fusces- (•(•iit(^ ; alls subtus j)allidioribus quam in L. Samione, fundo pallide ocbreo lilacino partim tineto; lineis mediis multo magis irregularibus et latius separatis; iicellis pDsticarum invgularibus, argenteo-roratis, quarto ex seric linud cjccto: I'xp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 0.

? Ahe supra area l)asali lerrugiiica ; antiete I'asciola postccllulari. inacida li'.'minata subapicali et ti-ibus sul)niedianis discalilnis in serie angulari transversa, all)is; ])()stie;e ocellis lulvo dill'use einctis; linea media anijulata iutrorsum nigra rxtrorsuiu dilfuse fulva ; aliter fere velut in mare: exp. alar. unc. ;>, lin. 1.

Darjeeling. <? , Coll. H. Roberts ; ? , Coll. F. Moore.

I am much imlubted to Jlr. Fix'ilcric Jloore, of the East India Museum, I'or giving mu the op- liiirtuuitj- of figuring botli sexes of tliis species together.

Leilir Alhorld, fuj. o.

6 Lethe Alberta, Bitth;; Ann. k. Mag. Nat. Hist. p. 283 (October, 1871).

Alio supra olivaceo-fusc;e : antieio area apieali abrupta dilutiore: posticfe ocellis quatuor magnis nigris cajcis ferrugineo iridatis ; margine externo nigrescente ; linea valde indistincta submarginali fusca : coijjus cinereo tiiscum : aire subtus castanco-fuscse ; area apieali pallidiore ; linea media iiiiira (^xtus griseo marginata ; altera discali areara basalem limitante, in posticis angulata : anticLu margine roseo-tincto ; linea fusca, ajjice cierules- cente ; ocellis sex discalibus nigris, flavo-cinctis rosco zonatis : i)ostica' margine externo virescente ; linea submarginali nigra; area discali iutrorsum ocbraceo- fusca, extrorsum castanea nigrescente ; ocellis septem in serie irregulari, (piinto maximo, nigris, flavo-cinctis, viridi i)allide zonatis : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 11.

lienari's. Exeter ^[emorial Museum.

Tliis spiM;ie,s Wius lent to nie for ikwi;ri](tion by W. .S. M. D'l'rban, Ksii., the CuRitor of thi- .Allx-rt Mrniorial Museum: it iK'Iongs to the .S''//«/(' grouji. I have recently seen a female in Mr. Mooiv'.^ Miction.

88

FAMILY TA 1> i L 1 O N I i) J:.

SUB-P-UIILY PAP I LION IX. E. Balo^. GEXUS rAPlLIO. L!inutu.<.

PLATE XXXIV.

Fapilio Horribilis, sp. u. Jiff. 2.

Affinis P. Uesprro (Wcstwood, Arc. Ent. pi. 48), ate antieoc puiu-to apicali hmato ; fasciola subapicali qiiinquefida ; fascia media diiplo lation* ; ala' posticaj maciilis quiiiquc (ncc tribus) minovibus siibmavginalibus lact(>is, quarta majorc ; alic subtus avois pallidioril)us (i. o., ai)ice anticarum ct diniidio oxtcnio posticavum) pallidc roseo-fuscis ; posticae maculis duabus apud costam obscuris ; niaculis subinai'ginalibus vclut supra sed minus distiiictis : exp. alar, unc k liu. n.

Fantoo, Cape Coast (Ussher). Coll. Swanzy.

This hamlsomi' spt'cics is nearly allicnl lu J'. I/isji) riif liut Jill'i-TS coiii^iilorahl}- on Tiotli surl'ai'i's. ,

(iKNUS l'Ai;XASSir.S. Ful.rkius. Paniassiiis GlaciaUs, fig. 1.

Tarnassius Clacialis, Butler, Jom-n. Limi. Soc. Zool. ix. p. .jO, n. '.\ (1S()(;).

Alse supra sub-bvaliuaj, alba?, vonisnigris; anticaMii)iee liyalino ; macula discoidea ot altera disco-coUulari cinorcis; posticae margine abdominal! late nigro : corpus nigrum, tboracc prsR ferrugineo; abdominc cineroo })ili)SMto, latcribus ferrugincis ; antennae nigra?; ala) subtus nitcntes ; postica? maiuiur abdominali cinereo ; alilcr vcbit su])ra : c()r])us nigrum ferrugineo ])il()satuni : exp. alar. unc. 3, lin. 1.

Il;iki,(la(li. X. Japan ( Tr/il/c/i/). B.M.

A vury constant ami distinct species allicii to P. Mncmottyne ; I have seen specimens in tlie col- h'ctions of the British ^Museum, Herbert Druce, Esq., II. \V. Bates, Esq., &c., but have as yet observed no variation anionj,' them.

FAMII.V VAril.IONlD.r.. 89

SUB-FAMILY PIERIN^. Bates.

GENT'S COLIAS. Fahriciufi. Colias Fallens, fig. 3. Colias Palleus, Butler, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool. ix. p. 52, n. 10 (1800).

Alae supra flava;, eiliis rufis : anticoo pallida) ; puncto disco-collidari iiiairno iiii^ro ; apice et marginc externo cincreo-fuscis ; maculis subtribus suljapicalilnis (lavis, puncto subniariijinali inter norvidos mcdianos squamoso I'usco ; l)a;o rusc'(>sc(Mit(> ; postica; cincivf) rorata; basi ot striga nobulosa interna nigris ; inarginc apicali fusco, maculas quatuor flavas includente ; macula disco-collulari lulva ; alaj subtus flava?, antica) mavgine interno pallido, apice fulvo, niargine anali nigro tripunctato ; niacida disco-cellulari supcrna; alaj postica; valde cinereo vorata?, macula rufo-fusca costali ; macula disco-cellulari argentea, fusco l)icincta vi puncto pnuposito I'usco : exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 9.

Ilakodadi, N. Japan {JFhltely). B.M.

.Vllieil to C. Hijah', but I think it can liardly be an aberration of that species ; at any rate it is far more distinct from it than half the .si)ecies of the Genus are from C. Edusa.

GENUS HESPEROCU.VIilS. Felder. Ilesperocharis Fulcuiota,ftfj. i.

i Ilesperoeliaris Fulvinota, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. |). 284 (October, 1871).

Ala; anticte supra albie, 1)asi miitinie tlavescentes ; costa nigra ; apice, stria obliqua subapicali et margine externo angulis altcrnis decreseente, nigris : pnsticfc lajtissimc flava?, stria subcostali maculisque sex submarginalibus dilfusis t'lilvis, vel pallide am-antiacis: subtus fere velut in U. Rirlanda ; posticte stria iiiaculari submarginali aui-antiaca : exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 10.

Back of Rio {Sir W. Smith). B.M.

Allied to //. Ilclvia and Hirlanda, and remarkable' for the angulatcd cliaracter of the outer niai- fjin nf anterior wings.

90 rA>rii.v pArii.iuMD.E.

GENUS AI'PIAS^. Ilnhner. Appias Vara lis, Jl</s. o, 0.

? Appias A'acans, Bn/lcr, Trans. Ent. Soc. p. i<)() (IHTO).

Affinis A. nipponl, diffiTt avpa tota anticanmi supra alba. v(Miis hand nia;rcscontibus ; marg'ine nigro, profunda inter vciias siiiuato; al;r pnstica' area submarg'inali cincrco nebulosa : altc aiiticiu subtus ulbto, costa i-t niaririiic externo fuscis; apice griseo, basi flavescente; postica^ pallidc aurantiaca' vcl aiu'antiaco-flavse ; margine extemo late fiisco velut in A. Elooiiorii' marc: cxp. alar. unc. 2, lin. (5.

Darjeeling {Major Roberts). Coll. Lieut. Eoberts.

( 'lii<lty rcinaikabk' Iroin the male character of its colouriii<;. I havr seen an A/i/iinx. aiiiiarcutly ii I'lTable to this sjwcies, in Mr. Saunders' Collection.

GENUS TEIiIAS. Sicainifon.

Terias Beticidata, ficj. 7 .

Terias Reticulata, Butli'r, Troc. Zool. Soc. p. 5.'}!). n. SS (isyi).

i Alu; supra saturate ilavic ; anticte margine apicali-cxtci'uo dccresceiitc, undato, nigro ; posticiu A'cnis minutissime nigro acuminatis: antica- subtus saturate flava?, margine costali aureo-tlava ; vcnis costalibus nigro distinctc terminatis, costa basali nigro consper.sa ; vcnis marginis extcrni nigro acumi- natis ; margine ipso rufescente ; postica; aureo-flav;B, brnnnco reticiUata- ; niacidis tribus gi'iseis (prima basali, secunda costali, tcrtia intci-na). |iunclis(|U(' in areu di.scali digestis vix conspicuis ; <• )rpns flavesccns : cxp. alar. unc. 2, lin. l.

? DiiFert alis ])osticis angustiorii)Us ; anticis ad basin aurant iacis ; a)iicc irregidariter nigrcsccnte : cx]). alar. unc. 2, lin. .'5.

i Archidona; ? Quito. B..M.

Belongs to the Dera grouji, and is tlie lincst s|K'cies in tlic (Icnus.

rxMll.V I'APII.loNllJ.E. • 91

( ; KN US I{ELEN( )I.S. Iliihiwr. Belcnois laiilhr. Jig. 8.

Picris lantho, E. Donhledoy, Zool. [Misc. p. 77 (1831).

Al;c supra flavtc ; auticio costa aiii^ustc nigra; marginc oxtorno niodii-o lato uigro introrsuin irregulariter dentato-sinuato ; puncto subapicali llavo ; |)()stics3 maculis qiiinquo venas terininantibus nigris ; alse suLtus am-eo-flava;, auticjc macula suliapicali trilida ; posticao costa hasali aurantiiica : puuctis septoiu submarii-inalibus squamosis Tuscis : cxp. alar. unc. 2, liu. 8.

Sierra Loouc {D. F. Muryan). E.M. typo.

Intenuediate betweou B. Snhiiia (Fehler), ami B. R/nna (Dnitlilidiuj).

CENTS TEKACOLI'S. Swaiuso),.

Tevacolns Loandlcus, sp. n.figs. 9, 10.

S AUc siq)ra albaj, basi grisea ; antica? area apicali aurantiaca fusco-cincta, cxtrorsum sinuato-dentata ; postieoe punetis margiualibus nigro-fuseis : al:i' subtus albte ; anticue area apicali flavo tincta, macula subapicali diffuse auran- tiaca; basi griseo squamosa; postica3 flavo tinctic ; puncto disco-cellulari nigro, I'ldvo introrsum eincto ; striola angidata discali squamosa fusca : exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 7.

? Alio supra albic, area basali ct marginc interno-basali anticarum cincreis: antica? puncto disco-celliUari nigro: fascia angulata subapicali extrorsum auran- tiaco niarginata, costa apicali vcnis ot marginc extcrno, nigris ; maculis sub-sep- tcm sub-marginali])us am-antiacis ; posticic macula ncljulosa costali, nebulaquc discali media cinereo-fuscis : maculis sex punctoque margiualibus nigris ; antica) subtus area basali flava, ajjicali ocbracca; macula subapicali ncbulosa aurantiaca puncta quinquc cincrca iiududcntc ; puncto suporno disco-cell ulavi ; posticie roseo ocbraceae; costa basali aurantiaca; puncto disco-cellulari nigro, am-antiaco introrsum eincto; striola angulata discali squamosa fusca: exp. alar. unc. 1, lin. 7.

Loanda, Angola. Coll. It. ^Icldola.

I liave l>efn uiialilo to Klul any ik-striljuil species agrei-iiif; with the alxive, it came in a small collection recently lent to mc for determiuation by my friend Iiai>hael Jleldola, Esq.

92 r.VMiLV I'ArU.KJNiU.E.

GENT'S^ CAI.I.IUK'VAS. fl„;...l,n„/. [Monograph continued.!

PLATE xxxr.

93. CalUdriios PIiihf',/if/s 7, L\ .V, /.

S ra])ili() riiiloa, Liniucus, Syst. Nat. '1. 7(;i, n. lOi (1700).

? Papilio Aricyo, Cromer, Pap. Exot. ^, j)!. 91.. fiii's. A, B (1779.)

Tapilio :\r.-laiiipiH', Cramer, Pap. Exot. l. pi. 'MM. Jii^-s. E. F. (1782.)

(J Mancipiiun fugax Argante ?, ILnhncr, Saniiiil. Mvot. Sclimett. 1, j)!. 115, figs. 3, 4 (1806— IG).

Colias Coi-day, Ilnbiier, \n-/.. Ix-k Scliiii(>t1. j). 1)0, ii. 1053 (181(5).

cJ, $ Colias Lollia & Aricia, Godarl, Eiic. .Mdli. IX, p. '.)|.,n. 15, IG (1819).

Male. "Wings above bright sulphur yellow; frontwings with tlic luMigiii very slenderly blackish, expanded into points at the termination of the nervures ; an elongate irregular oblique orange patch crossing discoidal cell ; hinilwiugs with external area including centre of disc bright orange, the mealy marginal border slightly paler : below golden yellow, frontwings with internal area broadly suli)hur j'ellow ; two irregular silver-centred brown disco-cellular spots and a biangulate series of discal brown .s[)ots, most distinct towards costa ; hindwings with two brown encircled silver-sjtots at end of cell and a circular discal .series of irregular brown markings completely surrounding them.

Fiinalc. Wings above gulden nr ochraecmis yellow ; frontwing.s bcconung gnidually deei)er coluured towards outer margin where it is slightly reddish ; a cojispicuous spot at end of cell, a biangulate series of nine discal spots, the apex and six marginal sjiots dark brown ; hindwings with external area reddish orange diffused internally and intemqited by yillow lurvures ; costal and abdominal areas whitish ; five conspicuous brown marginal spots: below iliill n|ia(|iie rosy orange, the marginal spots of upjjcr surface replaced by srpiamose silvery ones ; frontwings with pale internal area ; a collectiun (if closely packed silver-centred brown spots at end of cell ; discal brown spots less distinct than above ; hindwings with two silver spots encircled with limwu nt end (■!' cell and a circuhir series of irregular brcnvn markings completely surrounding them.

i\\iii.\ r.vi'iLKJMD.i:. 93

Specimens fnni) tin- fi)lli)wiiig locnlitii's Iniw j)assi'd tliri)Uf,'li my hands. — J , ? Hrnzil, Coll. J)ruce; Rio Jam-iro ( Mitrijillin-iiij) and IJnuil, ^, H<if;citii ( Slii-riiM), I!. ;Nr. ; 5, liahia, Cull. Saunders; cT , ? , Colls. Dnico and K Brown; cJ , Amazons, (Joll. Wuliacc ; ^, I'dlccliio Valley t S,il„iii ) H. M. ; ? , Mexico, Honduras (Dyxoii), Coll. Saunders.

(J var. almost spotless on under surface — Santa Martha (Jioiir/mri/J Coll. Saunders.

? dwarfed— Hahia. Coll. C. War.l.

The caterpiJlar of C. I'hllnt, accoriling to Seha, is clotheil with Hictidcr liairs and is of a diily yi'i low colour, decorated with hlack spots and hands ; the chrysalis varieil with hlack and lirown : the perfect insect, according to Ericlison, in " Schombui-gh's Keisen in Briti.scli ( Juiana," occurs near the coast on gra.ss plots in ganleiis and in meadows. /'. Milnnijipr, Cr. may jirove to he a distinct race.

9-4. ColUdnidfi Thalcstri.t^fifjii. o, 6, 7, 8. cjPapilio (Danaus) Thalcstris, IHiger, Mag:. 1- !>• -*'7. 11. .'51 (1802).

cJ , $ Colias Thalcstris, lluhncr, Saminl. cxot. Sc-limctt. 2, jjIs. 132 — i:}l. (1806).

? var. Callidryas Solstitia ? , Butler. Aim. ^t !Maii'. Nat. Ilisl. Itli S., vol. i, p. 203, n. 3 (18G9).

MdU: Wings above bright sulphur y(.'llow ; frontwings witli hlack points at terminations of ner- vures ; a broad elongate orange band from above costal to submedian nervure ; a conspicuous Itlack sjxjt at end of cell ; liiud wings wth disc golden yellow becoming orange towards mai'gin ; mealy bonier slightly paler: below golden yellow, markings iw in C. Philea, but a submarginal nebulous streak of brown scales from costal nervure to below secoml median branch and the brown marking between second and third nn^dian branches enlarged.

Frmiili\ Wings above dull orange red varying, in the frontwings especially, to j'ellow ; front- wings with a large black spot at end of cell, a zigzag discal scries and submarginal .series as in C. Phih-a, but united into one patch at apex; hindwings with disc griidually redder to niargin ; six unequal diamond shaped black sj)ots terminating uervures, the first, at apex, minute ; three or four black spots <jn centre of disc ; below golden yellow varied with rosy and lilac scales ; frontwings with an irregidar silvery-inipilled, 1)lack edged purplish spot at end of tell, and a zigzag series of the same colour on disc ; a submarginal series of lilac spots uniting into one patch at apex ; hindwings with large elongated i)ur- plisli patch, enclosing two silver sjwts at end of cell ; a circular series of dark purple discal and basal spots anrl a l.roail submaririnal extern.illy (lentate-sinuate puqiN- Imiid. beginning narMw upon costa near

94 FAMILY I'AI'ILIOMD.K.

the middlu, becoming suildenlj' broiul {nmx ii|iux ami tcnuiiiiiliiif,' at lirsl iiUMliaii Imiiu'li ; Iklsc ami siili- iiiedian area densely irrorated with rosy.

Localities — (J,?, Haiti, ColLi. ]'>. M., ( Tinrdii: and lleanic), Salviii ; mvX A. 11 I'.n.wii ; cj , ? , Porto Rico, ColL Saimdeis ; Chili, Coll. 1 )ruce.

JI. Lucas, in lv;iui(in de la iSagra's " liist. do I'lle do Culm," remarks that — " This species hius a male variety, in wliich tlu' band of the upper wings is very bi-oad, abuost of a blood-reil colour, as well as its posterior margin ; the lower wings entirely of an almost blood-red colour." This is of course nothing more nor less than the G. Avellancda of Herrich-Schiitier.

FAMILY PAPILIONID.E. 95

<;kni"s cai.i.iukyas. Bn;»h,vni.

[Monograph continued. I

VLATE XXXV 1.

'J"), C'i'/lidrj/'ffi Sol.stilid, Jifjs. 1, 3.

,^Calli<lrv:is Snlstitia, Bidlcr, Ann. ^^ :Ma^-. Nat. Hist. Mli S., vol. 1-, p. 20:] (1869).

Muh . SWuifii aliove bright suliiliur yullow ; I'lontwiiigs witli iiit(.'riiii-bii.';al aiva ami mi'aly i'xt<;riial area siiH'uscmI with onuigc ; outnv margin inclining to i-eddi.-ih ; a. broad, .soniuwhat lunati- band crossing cell, and continued below median vein by a broad, iiregnlar diffn-sed patch, extending to mealy boiiler, crini.son intcmipted bj' yellow nen^ures ; a black spot on lower disco-celhdar ncrvelet ; hindwings, excepting a broad whiti.sh j>atch above co.stal nervure, .suffused with orange, the ilisbnl area crimson, becoming more intense towanls mealy boiilerj below dull orange, densely irromtt'd with minute rusty scales ; brown markings and silver spots of liindwings almo.«t as in (J. Philm.

Fevuih'. Unknown.

Locality — ,J , Chili, I '(j11. Kaden in foil. Druce.

If the habitat of this species can be relied upon, it is certainly distinct from C. Ari'llamdu. from which it differs in shape and in the following colour characters : — Frontwing.s above with i-rimson aiva broatler witliin cell and narrower below it, not encircling disco-cellular spot, and carried through centre of first median interepace to mealy border, the latter narrower and not so well defined ; hindwings with broader external mealy area * ; body clothed with yellow haii^, alxlomen yellow, j)alpi and collar fulvous ; in C. Ari-llaiu'dit, the thorax is clothed with briglit ochreoiis hairs, abilomen yellow, with ill-defined doi'sal .stripe of omnge ; anal .segments orange ; head ivd- brown, paljii collar and nianc orange.

V'7. C'((Ui(lri/(fs ^irclUoicdii.figs. 3, 4, 6.

Callidi'vas Tlialfstris, var. Ilen'ieh-Schcrjf'cr, CoiTcsjjoiidcuzhlatt. d. Zi'inl. mill. \ .■!•. ill K«'o:<«nsb. vol. 1(5, p. 119 (18G2).

C'allidrxas AvcUaiuHla {GtUHlluch) nerricli-^ScluvH'cr. 1. c. vol. is, p. Hji) (1861).

The auiil margin is bruki-n, anil may turn out to bo more like tlint of V. Arcllannla tbaii it niiprars in my figuif.

K ■n/, 1871.

on I'AMii.v I'AriMONin.T:.

Mali\ Only ililTci-s from luvccilini^ in tlic clmractei's given above.

Femnh'. l"'rontwing8 abovi' sulpliur yellow, l)ii.<iil ami internal areas icroratcd with ri'd scales : outer margin crimson ; black s](ots nminged nearly as in C. I'hiha, but larger, and not tilling uj) the apex of wing, all mirroumled liy dense crimson scales ; hindwings rosy, the central area reildisli orange, becoming gradually more intensely crimson to outer margin ; four diffused blackish submarginal s])ot.s on nervures, and live fonning a double zigzag between nervures on disc, the upjierniost very indistinct ; below onmge, irroratcd with crimson ; frontwings with a discal series of nine blackish spots succeeded by a broad band of rosy lilac ; outer margin orange ; a large silver spot encircled by a black line, and split up into six unequal parts at end of cell ; liindwuigs with two silver sj)otxS placed obliquely beyond cell, and surrounded by a series of diffused blackish spots, which externally form a semicircular band bounded internally by a reddish suffusion ; succeeded on disc by a broail band of rosy lUac including ill-defined blackish lunules on second median and subcostal interspaces ; outer margin orange.

Localities — S, ?. Cuba CoU. Ward; ?,— < Coll. Ilcwitson. Tlii.s, the; finest of all the Calli- (Iviiade-t, was at firet characterised by Dr. IIerricli-Scha;ffer as a variety of C. Thaledrix. Hi.s description nms ivs follows : — " Nearly allied to T/ialciirin, same size and contoiu', black central spot of frontwings smaller, encircled with orange red, which circling is connected upon the subcostal with the larger, less sharply defined, glowing red central patch, wliich reaches as far as the broad orange margin.

The hindwings are glowing orange gradually becoming darker towards the suddenly Ijrighter margin ; no black spots on the margin.

Underside agrees better with im/mitr, it is orange, finely and densely dusteil with lake-red, the .spots of similar more clo.soly packed dustings, both the silver .spots arc as small as in llubner's brighter figure."

In the above description I have only one fault to find — tlie circling of the black spot is connected with the larger central patch upon the lower disco-cellular, and not on the subcostal nervure. I mercly mention this because it put me out considerably when determining the species.

" H. Gundlach found several examples of both species (C. Avellaneda and C Thahinfrix), without intermediates, in some places more of one, in others of the other species. I have more accurately defined the male in Gorrbl. 1862, p. 119, under 7Vi(//''«/*v'.<. 1 am, however, sorry to say that I have not yet received the female." H. >Sch. in Corrbl. 1864.

97

FAMILY NYMPHALTD^.

SUB-FAMILY NYMPHALIXiE. B(tte8.

( ;I:N rs ( 'HAP.AXE.S. Ochmiheimcr.

PLATE XXXf'Tl.

I. Chanixos Pleistonnax, fuj. ■'].

S, ? Cliaraxt's Pleistoanax, Felder, Reise der Xovara, Le]). ;}, p. U-:}, n. 72:5 (1S()7).

(J , X. W . Himalayas ; ? , Darjeeling. Coll. Mooro.

Spouinifiis of this si^'cies are in most collections from Sikkim ; as usual, the leiiuile is by I'ar the niiTT insect ; there being nothing to add to Dr. FelJer's excellent description, I liave not thought it necessary to ivpeat it here.

'^. C'ha raxes Khimalaro, sp. n.juj. 1.

S Ailinis pivc't'dcnti, dilVcrt supra alis anticis acuminatis, imilto ol)scii- I'ioribus, fascia media alha tcmiiorc. introrsum inter ramos incdiauos liaud iii^ro limitata, extrorsuin valde irregidari ; niaciilis discalilms plerunique iiullis ; posticis fascia discali iiiijra fere duplo latioro introrsum mai?is roj^idari, liaiul all)o-punctato : dilfert sul)tus alis inagis sericcis ; fascia media magis albicante, \ irgula anticariim pone cellam valde angulata; linea aream basalem limitante minus irregidavi ; area sulmiarginali ochracea latiore : cxp. alar. unc. 3, lin. (i.

? Charaxes Hierax ? , Felder, Reise der Novaia, Lep. 'A. ]>. 112 (18G7).

J , N. W. Himalayas ; $ , Nepal. Coll. Moore.

This .siiet:i(fs may at once be distinguished from the preceding by it.s darkei- colouring, narrower white band, the straight inner edge of the broader discal band of hindwings, and the obsolescent rliaracter of all thi- iliscal white spots.

98 FAM11,V NVMl'IIAI.ID.K.

S. Chara.ves KlinNiniiiis, fsp. tt.Jif/. <>.

(f , ? AlTinis C. Pli'islomntci, dilfcrl sii])i"i ;in';i hasali (liliitiorc i-xti-orsmn ininimo ca'rulcscontc ; I'ascia media alba latiorc ; virg-iilis iiii^ris tcmiioriljiis. virgula intiM'spatii intorno-nicdiaui anticaruni in marc obsolcta ; area extcnia nigra angustiorcMnaculis disoalibiis miniitis in ninrc I'lilvo-tinctis ; fascia posti- earum nigra ad apicom midto latiore ; area cxUrna c-lariorc, latiorc, cauda longioro, in foeniina latiorc : subtus alls omnibus rufescentibus, fascia media multo angustiore, ])allide ochracea liaiid all)ida ; lincis omnibus nigris valde irrcgularibus, sinubus liucte discalis pcrclongatis ; exp. alar, i, uuc. 3, lin. 9; ? , unc. 4.

i . Kbasia Hills; ? , N. E. Bengal. Coll. :\rnnrc.

Also alliwl to C. Plcktoauax, from which it may he easily sejjai-.itecl h)' thi- jiaU'r hasal area of wing.'!, which exhibits externally a liluish shade peculiar to this species ; also by the broader white band, which in tlie female is carried across the hindwings to abdominal margin ; the sleiiderness of thi' Iransveree black lines and the peculiar reddish tint of the undersurface.

4. Charaxes JaJiiider, sp, n.jUj. 4.

? C. Hippouax ? , Felder, Rcisc dcr Xov. J.ep. 3, p. 148, n. 722 (1867).

S, ? Affinis C. Hipponaci ; alaj supra bete fulva?, anticte uebiilis tribus strigosis discoideis, fasciola disco-cellvilari, lineolis quatuor ala; medium oblique trauscrrantc, sublunatis, ct duabus pone cellam parvis indistinctis, nigris ; fascia lata extrorsum irrcgulari alba, a vena subcostali ad venam submedianam currente, area externa late nigra, maculas, in mare sex fulvas, in fopmina albas includente; posticae fere velut in C. Khasioni mare:

Alai sul)ius simillimje C. Plcistodiiacis alis, at magis rufcscentes, fascia media minus albicante ad eostam alarum aniicarum multo latiorc: exp. alar. 6 , unc. 3, lin. 7 ; ? , unc. 1-, lin. ].

S, S , N. I']. Ilimalnvas. Coll. ^loorc.

'I'bis is not a rare species in Collections, and. exclusive of ntlier cliaracters, may be ]iickcd out at unci' liv tlie wliitc banil of fronlwings abiuptly Icrniinating upon the sub-median nervure ; Major

i-.vMii.v NVMriiALiiJ.i:. 99

Roberts t.x.k tlip female of C. Jallwhr at DnrjeuliiiK, but I li.nc iir.lerred t<i fiRuro both sexos from one collection.

5. Charaxes H'nuJia, ap. »-Jiff. o.

S , 2 Affinis precedent!, cliffert supra area basali clariore, fasciola diseo- cellulari melius expressa, lituris medianis obsoletis ; virgula in fasciam nidla ; fascia alba latiore, infra ramum prinium medianum anticarnm fulvo-tincta ; area externa antieavum latiore, niaeulis discalibus in mare majoribus, superioribus autem obsoletis, in focmina fulvis vix couspicuis ; fascia nigra posticariun magis macidari et midto angustiore: a\se subtus mvdto pallidiores; fascia media in anticis minus obliqua, area latiore ocliracea ; area discali multo latiore: exp. alar. J , une. 3, lin. 7 ; ? , unc. 4, lin. 2.

cj , Darjeeling {Jlcjar Roberts), Coll. Lieut. Roberts; ? , Darjeeling, Coll. Moore.

Mr. Moore has two specimens of the female of this species, one of which is scarcely larger than the male ; it is a conspicuous form and may be distinguislied without trouble ; the female has the ex- ternal ai-ea of the wings much browner than in any other species with which I am acquainted, but this may be ])artially due to fading.

G. Charaxes Lnnaicara, sp. ii.fi(j. 2.

(J Affinis C. 3Iarmaci, minor; auticie fasciola subapieali cum area mar- ginali eonflua latiore, lunulis disealibus obscurioribus ; margine nigro (baud nigro-fusco) ; posticaj Airgulis in mari^ tenuioribus in faemina nidlis ; maeulis fasciae externa; nigi-is majoril)iis distinetc albo-pupillatis : aloe subtus cbarac- teribus omnibus melius expressis ; in mare area externa angustiore ; fascia media postiearum ad marginem internum dui)lo latiore : in fcjemina area externa latiore, fascia media postiearum ad marginem int<M-num comparatim latiore ; area discali midto magis sericea, cauda subanali duplo longiore ; ex]). alar. <J , unc. 3, lin. 0; ? , unc. 3, lin. 7.

(?, N. E. Bengal, Coll. Moore; ? — r Coll. lleiberl Druee.

Nearly allied to C. Mariiuij; Arixloijiloii, \-r., but ]uTfectly distinct.

100 P.V.MILV M.Ul'llALlD.E.

r LJ T E XXX]' I 1 1.

7 . Chavdxes IfaUacci. sp. n. Jiij. 'J.

Affinis C. LatoiKC dilFort alls autifis ad apicem magis productis, posticis caiula intoriore iniilto hrovioro ; ahc supra inaculis solum duabus pono ct'llam lunatis uigris ; maculis submari;inalibus hmulisquo discalil)us ad margint'iu niagis approximatis ; posticae liuiulis subcostalibus distiuetis uigris ; inaculis submarginalibus minoribus, albo notatis; alio subtus fascia media valde iiTC- gidari; area externa anticarum angustiore, postiearum latiore ct vix griseo suffusa ; maculis ocellai'ibus niiii(iril)iis, a maculis wWns. bene separatis : ex]). alar. unc. 4, lin. 5.

MfiKulo, rdclx's (/>/•. JJci/rr). Coll. F. A. AVaikcr.

^Vllicd to C. L'ltdiiii (wliicli after all is jnolmlily iilfiitical with FoIiUt's (.'. Jirinuiis), this sjiocit-s was kindly lont to iin- tor dcsiriiitimi by tlic Rv\. V. A. Walker.

Charaxes Ai'iiainis, sp. n.

Cbaraxes Papuensis ? , Butler, Lep. Exot. ]). 15. n. G, pi. vi. figs. 1 (1869). Aru (Wallace).

This Ijuing a female of the Marmax group and the sexes of the tawny C'/iaraxiv being alike, it is uvidently .specifically distinct from C. Pajnieima ^ : many of the above forms of Cliaraxes liavo doubt- less long existed in Collections as supposed varieties of C. Polyxoia, there lieing a prevailing prejudice in the minds of many Lepidopterists against the existence of nearly allied species in a group of sucli bulky butterflies as Clianucs ; however, distinctions founded simjily upon amount of difference are sure at times to mislead, they arc doubtless productive of confusion in that they lead their advocates to unite several constant forms under one name, and in defence thereof to utter snch vague Hibernianisms as the fiillowing — "it is very possible that varieties coming from Para, Brazil, New timnada, Ecuador, iVc may bo distinct species," tliey are also the cause of endless inconsistencies in that they have no limit-s : loiistancy therefore is the only sure guide, and since a species cannot be more than diMind, however dificrent it may be, to ask why it is distinct is to wander out of the fields of nomenclature into those of nat\uc and philosophy, a local form therefore is .systematically a species ; it is moreover a .species iiidiiriillij. for the best test of a si)ecies is its disinclination to hybridize with its allies, which a lucal form

FAMII.V NVMril.Vl.lD.E. 101

riinnot do, whilst what is called a tnio sj^'cii-s might ilo it Init will not, hence it follows that the local I'onu is in this n's])ect the better sjiecii-s of the two: in the present instance, I consider that the tawny Charaxi'ii, which an- locally constant, have a greater right to specific distinction than liave many of the memlwrs of that variable Sulj-family the Ilfliconimv which arc divided (perhaps rightly) by the tint of a wing or the colonring of an antiMina. I liave seen a vast number of C'/inraxfJi Pna///ioti, collected by one gentleman in IJonibay, and none of them exhibited any tendency to vary ; Mr. Walker purchased the residuum of Mr. Lowe's Bornean Collection and obtained sixt<;en male specimens of C. Ilurpax, which I have examined and found all the character constant ; in many of the Chinese sliow-boxes one sees shattered specimens of C. Polijxvna exhiliiting no variation ; and lastly, all Felder's species are ea.sily recognizable as soon as specini'iw -xy ulitained from his localities.

GENUS lMIIL()(;.\'(i.M.\. W.sticuod.

JPhiloffnoma Falcato, .sp. ti.Jifj. /.

Affinis P. Lic/iiiri ; alee supra fulvo-feiTugineai ; apice anticarum late nigro Itilvo iiiaciilato ; litiira duplifi disco-coUiilari nigra; posticai costa fuscpsonto ; liucolis diKibiis subcostalibus, macula apicali fiilvo-notata, pimcto subapicali lu- uulisquo subquatuor submarginali1)u.*<, nigris ; corpus fusccscons : alae subtus fuscoe, linea media communi obliqua riifb-fusea introrsum albido-limitata ; lineis (luabus valde irregularibus transversis; antieae costa albicante; areis costali, ba- sali et externa nitentibus ; punetis duobus apud basin, lineola basali, et duabus pone eellam, nigris ; jiostieie bitriente basali uitente : eori)us dilute I'uscescens ; ex]). alar. une. 2, liii. t.

Gold Coast. Coll. Swanzy. Ashanti. B.jM.

Not uncomnKin in ("ullections ; most nearly allied to P. Lkhnu, but very distinct.

C.KXTS HKTF.KorilRO.V. Bo!M,in,l. 1. JL'lcrochrod Mephistophclfs, jig. 4.

lleteroelu'oa ^lepliistoplieles, Butler, Cist. Eat. i. p. 7 (1S(5!)).

Alse supra nigro-fusete, i'aseiis submarginalibus nigris ; antiere faseia obliqua fidva; postieic macula magna media rotundata et altera costali parva, all)is : corpus nigrum : alae sid)tus fen'ugineae, fasciis duabus cellas transer- i-antibus violaceis nigro marginatis ; anticie maculis (jUMluor subapicalibus

102 FAMII-V NYMIMIALID-K.

mari^iiii cxtcnu) parallclis aliisquo dilTusis inart^iiialibus ocliraccis, maculis iliiahus apud apiccm all)is ; postit-iP striis diialjiis modiis luscis ; maculis spx su])inarf,'inalibus albis ; maru;ino uifji-csconte : eorjjus ciuerescons : exp. alar, uiic. 2, lin. 2.

IJogota. Coll. Kaden in CoU. Drucc.

Dili'ci's fixiin //. Liimi/ilil/ittlnict and its varit-ty //■ Zi)iit in tli(3 sliaiu- of tlio wliiti' spot of hind- wings and in tlie absence of the subapical orange spots of frontwings.

i*. IJrfcrochrofi LaciiKi, s-p. n. fi(f. ■'>.

Affims ])ra»cedenti, dillVrt fascia auticaruiu